China Human Rights Briefing May 16-31, 2008
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Reporting human rights development from the grassroots
May 16-31, 2008
HIGHLIGHTS
- Restrictions on civil liberties have resumed after a brief remission in the aftermath of the Sichuan earthquake on May 12. Authorities have ordered websites to delete postings on the disaster and have detained activists for questioning authorities’ handling of the earthquake and organizing donation drives.
- Although international attention has shifted from events in the Tibetan regions to the tragedy in Sichuan, authorities have continued to take measures to punish the group of lawyers who offered free legal assistance to arrested Tibetans. One of the lawyers, Teng Biao, lost his license to practice law on May 31. Another, Jiang Tianyong, had his license renewal further delayed.
- Chen Yuping, a representative of dismissed workers in Jinlin Oilfields, was sent to Re-education through Labor for organizing an union. Together with the continued detention of Li Guohong, another oilfield workers’ representative, and Liu Jie, an organizer of petitioners, Chen’s incarceration highlights the perils of exercising freedom of association in China.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Hepatitis B Website Closed by Authorities. 2
Authorities Exert Control over Expression on Earthquake. 2
Freedom of Association/Assembly. 2
Shanghai Villagers Suppressed for Protests against Alleged Forced Land Appropriation. 2
Concerned Citizens Harassed and Detained for Supporting the Earthquake Relief Effort 2
Members of Pan-Blue Alliance Summoned on the Inauguration of Taiwan’s President 3
Human Rights Suffer in Lead-up to China-US “Human Rights Dialogue”. 3
Authorities Detain Internet Reporter and Host of Corruption-monitoring Website. 3
Nanjing University Professor Guo Quan Released. 3
Imprisoned Democracy Activist Hu Shigen to Be Released in August 3
Detained Writer Zhou Yuanzhi Released. 4
Shanghai Rights Activist Barred from Leaving the Country. 4
Tightened Surveillance on Wife of Rights Defender Chen Guangcheng. 4
Tianjin Court Upholds Harsh Sentence for Activist Who Resisted Forced Demolition. 4
Rights Activist Liu Jie Transferred to Harbin City. 4
Workers’ Representative Sent to Re-education through Labor for Organizing Union. 4
Teng Biao Loses Lawyer’s License for Offering Legal Assistance to Arrested Tibetans. 5
Boxun Journalist Sun Lin Tried. 5
Petitioner Detained in a Black Jail for Petitioning against Forced Demolition. 5
Hubei Petitioner Wang Guilan Continues to be Detained. 5
Wuhan Petitioners Intercepted for Petitioning. 5
Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment 5
Housing Rights Activist Yu Jianli Made to Wear Handcuffs and Leg Irons during Trial 5
Court Upholds Decision to Send Workers’ Representative to Re-education through Labor 6
15,000 Teachers Issue Public Letter Calling for Adequate Treatment following Lay-offs. 6
Two Thousand Guangzhou Workers on Strike. 6
Policy and Regulation Watch. 6
Supreme People’s Court Issues Regulations on Death Penalty Cases. 6
Shenzhen to Hold Contested Local Elections. 7
Freedom of Expression
Hepatitis B Website Closed by Authorities
On May 29, “Gandan Xiangzhao” (肝胆相照论坛), one of China’s largest Hepatitis B online discussion forums, was blocked by Beijing Communications Bureau. It is suspected that the blockade is related to the website being used to defend the rights of Hepatitis B patients. (Beijing Yi Ren Ping Center)
Authorities Exert Control over Expression on Earthquake
CHRD learned on May 22 that members of China Democracy Party Zhejiang Branch, such as Wang Rongqing (王荣清) and Qi Huimin (戚惠民), have been summoned and warned against “meeting friends for tea” to discuss the relief effort. Shizhao, a blogger on blogbus.com, was told by internet police to block all earthquake-related information on the blog because the reports were “non-official”. (CRLW, CHRD)[i]
Freedom of Association/Assembly
Shanghai Villagers Suppressed for Protests against Alleged Forced Land Appropriation
Since May 14, villagers of Xingxing Village, Maoqiao Township, Minhang District, Shanghai Municipality have staged sit-ins to protest against forced land appropriation and corruption by the local government. On May 26, five- to six-hundred police (half of them special armed police) forcibly dispersed four- to five-hundred protesting villagers. A few dozen villagers were beaten and many were injured. (CRLW)[ii]
Police Harass Health NGO
On May 27, a plainclothes policeman took away a staff member of Beijing Yi Ren Ping Center, a NGO which focuses on the rights and equal treatment of people with HIV/AIDS and hepatitis, in its office in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The staff member returned to the office later in the day. Police never acknowledged or explained to the reasons for the seizure. (Yirenping)[iii]
Persecution of Activists
Concerned Citizens Harassed and Detained for Supporting the Earthquake Relief Effort
On May 16, “higher authorities” froze the bank account of Niubo Web (牛博网), an online community that has coordinated civil society relief efforts in response to the earthquake. Police also summoned key members of Niubo Web, Du Qiao (杜桥) and Huang Bin (黄斌), for interrogation. Police reportedly suspected members of Niubo Web of “fraud” in relation to the earthquake, but no evidence has emerged to support that suspicion. Police ‘unfroze’ Niubo Web’s bank account on May 21.
Police harassed and warned hundreds of victims of forced evictions from Wuhan, Hubei Province, against making a collective donation to the Red Cross. For example, on May 19, the day of the planned donation, Wuhan police barred 16 of the victims from donating money.
On May 14, Liu Xueli (刘学立) and six other petitioners from Hunan Province were taken into detention for collecting money for earthquake victims from fellow petitioners outside the Letters and Visits Office of the Supreme People’s Court. They were released after 21 hours in detention at Yongwai Police Station, Beijing. (CRLW, CHRD)[iv]
Members of Pan-Blue Alliance Summoned on the Inauguration of Taiwan’s President
On May 20, Xie Fulin (谢福林), a member of Pan-Blue Alliance of Chinese Nationalists in Changsha, Hunan Province, was summoned by police from Changsha’s National Security Unit. Other members of Pan-Blue Alliance, including Wei Zhenling (魏桢陵) from Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and Li Dongzhuo (李东卓) from Hunan Province, were summoned on the same day. The whereabouts of Zhang Qi (张启), another member from Sichuan Province, have been unknown since May 20. It is believed that all members were summoned in connection with the inauguration of Ma Yingjiu (马英九), president of Taiwan, on May 20. However, there is also speculation that they were summoned for organizing earthquake donation drives. (CHRD)[v]
Human Rights Suffer in Lead-up to China-US “Human Rights Dialogue”
In the lead-up to meetings between Chinese and United States officials to discuss human rights in Beijing at the end of May, Chinese authorities placed many Beijing-based human rights activists under tightened surveillance. On May 23 and 24, National Security police visited Zeng Jinyan (曾金燕), blogger, rights activist and wife of imprisoned rights defender, Hu Jia (胡佳). They told her that she would not be allowed to leave her home and that they would watch her even more closely because “a U.S. delegation wants to meet you”. A number of Beijing-based lawyers who agreed to meet with US representatives for dinner on May 27 were questioned and warned against attending the event by police from the National Security Unit of Beijing Public Security Bureau. Many others, including Pu Zhiqiang (浦志强), Wan Yanhai (万延海), Gao Hongming (高洪明), Xu Yonghai (徐永海), Jia Jianying (贾建英), He Depu (何德普), Chen Yongmiao (陈永苗), Li Hai (李海) and Qi Zhiyong (齐志勇) were placed under surveillance. (CHRD)[vi]
Authorities Detain Internet Reporter and Host of Corruption-monitoring Website
Ren Shanyan (任尚燕), Assistant Director of the corruption-monitoring website, China Justice Advocacy Web (中华申正网), was taken away on May 16 by a dozen police from Shuangyashan Public Security Bureau (PSB), Heilongjiang Province. She was investigating accusations by a disabled resident of the city of nepotism against Wang Yijun (王义军), Vice-Chief of the Anti-Corruption Bureau under the Procuratorate of Lingdong District, Shuangyashan City. She has not been released. (CHRD)[vii]
Nanjing University Professor Guo Quan Released
Guo Quan (郭泉), an Assistant Professor at Nanjing Normal University, was released on May 28 after ten days of administrative detention. When half a dozen Nanjing police took Guo away on May 17, they said he “did not commit any crimes”. Prior to his detention, Guo organized a number of meetings with members of China Xinmin Party (中国新民党), a new party Guo established in December 2007, to discuss its response to the earthquake. Guo alleged that police detained him after he refused to provide them with a list of the Party’s members during the summons. (CHRD)
Imprisoned Democracy Activist Hu Shigen to Be Released in August
CHRD learned on May 22 that Hu Shigen (胡石根), imprisoned democracy activist, has reportedly been granted an earlier release and may leave prison as early as this August. Officials from the Legal Office of Haibin District, Beijing, contacted Mr. Hu’s friends and said his imprisonment would be shortened by more than three years. On December 16, 1994, Hu was convicted of “organizing and leading counter-revolutionary groups and counter-revolutionary propaganda and incitement” and sentenced to twenty years in prison and five years’ deprivation of political rights. (CHRD)[viii]
Detained Writer Zhou Yuanzhi Released
On May 15, Zhou Yuanzhi (周远志), Hubei-based writer and member of Chinese Independent PEN, was released. Police detained Zhou on May 3 and interrogated him about a number of articles he wrote. Since his release, Zhou has been under residential surveillance. (Independent Chinese PEN)[ix]
Shanghai Rights Activist Barred from Leaving the Country
On May 22, Feng Zhenghu (冯正虎) was barred from leaving the country at Shanghai Pudong Airport. Feng was prevented from boarding a flight to Japan by border police at the Shanghai Municipal Immigration Management Bureau who received “orders from the relevant authorities”. Feng is a scholar and a human rights activist from Shanghai known for his public letters to members of the National People’s Congress chronicling hundreds of cases of human rights abuses suffered by Shanghai citizens. (CRLW)[x]
Tightened Surveillance on Wife of Rights Defender Chen Guangcheng
Since May 9, Shandong authorities have stepped up surveillance and monitoring of Yuan Weijing (袁伟静), wife of imprisoned human rights defender, Chen Guangcheng (陈光诚). In addition to a dozen guards monitoring Yuan at her home, checkpoints have been set up at the entrances of Dongshigu Village, where Yuan lives, and ‘suspicious’ individuals entering the village have been interrogated and monitored. (CHRD)[xi]
Tianjin Court Upholds Harsh Sentence for Activist Who Resisted Forced Demolition
In early May, Tianjin Municipal No. 2 Intermediate People’s Court upheld the sentence of Zhang Chunfu (张春福), a representative of about a thousand residents in Xinhezhuang, Tanggu District, Tianjin, whose property has been forcibly demolished by authorities. Zhang was convicted of “gathering crowds to attack state institutions” and sentenced to five years in prison on February 22, 2008. According to the Court, Zhang was guilty of “organizing meetings and organizing with premeditation the petitioning of those evicted”. Residents of Xinhezhuang staged sit-ins in August 2007 to protest the forced evictions. (CRLW)[xii]
Rights Activist Liu Jie Transferred to Harbin City
On May 22, Liu Jie (刘杰), a veteran rural campaigner and human rights defender serving 18 months of Re-education through Labor (RTL) in Heilongjiang Province, was transferred from Qiqihar RTL camp to Harbin Drug Rehabilitation Center. (CHRD)[xiii]
Workers’ Representative Sent to Re-education through Labor for Organizing Union
On May 6, Chen Yuping (陈玉平), a representative of 12,000 dismissed workers of Jilin Oilfields in Songyuan City, Jilin Province, was sent to 18 months of RTL. Chen was criminally detained on April 10 by police from Songyuan City Public Security Bureau (PSB), Songjiang Sub-division. Chen was initially accused of “leaking state secrets” for “accepting interviews by foreign media” but was later charged with “inciting and creating trouble” and “disturbing social order”. Chen is currently held at Baicheng City RTL camp in Jilin Province.
Chen and other representatives had been preparing to apply to establish an independent union for the dismissed workers. They were summoned and warned not to establish the union by the National Security Unit police from Songyuan City PSB. Around the time Chen was arrested, two other representatives were administratively detained for ten days for “accepting interviews with foreign media”. (CRLW)[xiv]
Teng Biao Loses Lawyer’s License for Offering Legal Assistance to Arrested Tibetans
On May 31, the Beijing Bureau of Judicial Affairs told Teng Biao (滕彪), a human rights lawyer at Beijing Huayi Law Firm and lecturer at China University of Politics and Law, that his lawyer’s license had been cancelled. Authorities claimed that Teng’s license was cancelled because his university does not want him to continue working as a part-time lawyer. However, Teng believes that he was punished for defending human rights. Another lawyer, Jiang Tianyong (江天勇), of Gaobo Longhua Law Firm in Beijing, was told the decision to renew his license has been postponed to June (it is usually completed by the end of May for Beijing lawyers) because of his involvement in ‘sensitive’ cases. Teng and Jiang were part of a group of lawyers who were threatened for offering free legal aid to arrested Tibetans following incidents in the Tibetan regions in mid-March. (CHRD)
Boxun Journalist Sun Lin Tried
The trial of Sun Lin (孙林 a.k.a. Jie Mu (孑木)), a journalist arrested on suspicion of “gathering crowds to disturb social order” and “illegal possession of firearms”, took place on May 30 at the Nanjing Xuanwu District No.1 People’s Court. Sun was tried together with three other defendants, including his wife, He Fang (何方).The court is to announce the verdict at a later date.
Sun and He were detained on May 20, 2007 and formally arrested on July 6 by the Nanjing Public Security Bureau (PSB) Xuanwu Sub-division. Sun was the former editor of Metropolis, a publication he started in 2000. It was later closed because its views were deemed too critical by the authorities. Sun then started working as a reporter for US-based Boxun. In 2006, Sun’s reporting on alleged forced evictions at a Nanjing spice factory drew wide attention. In March 2007, authorities told Sun to cease his “illegal reporting”. Yet, despite mounting pressure and harassment by the Nanjing government, Sun continued to report on important social justice issues. (CHRD)[xv]
Persecution of petitioners
Petitioner Detained in a Black Jail for Petitioning against Forced Demolition
On May 16, Zhang Hua (张华), a petitioner against forced demolition from Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, was seized by Nantong interceptors while petitioning at the Supreme People’s Court in Beijing. When news about Zhang’s petitioning reached the authorities in Nantong, interceptors immediately flew to Beijing. The head of the Nantong Letters and Visits Bureau led the effort to capture Zhang. Zhang is now incarcerated at a black jail opposite Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing. Since the evening of May 16, Zhang has been on a hunger strike to protest his detention. (CHRD)[xvi]
Hubei Petitioner Wang Guilan Continues to be Detained
Wang Guilan (王桂兰), petitioner and rights activist, continues to be detained at a “black jail”, an illegal and secret detention facility, near Wangcheng Village, Xiaoduchuan Street Office, Enshi City, Hubei Province. Wang has protested her detention through various means, including going on hunger strike, but to no avail. She was sent there after she was intercepted by police in Beijing on April 17. Local authorities told her that she is to be detained until after the Olympics. (CHRD)[xvii]
Wuhan Petitioners Intercepted for Petitioning
On May 29, about a dozen petitioners with various grievances against the local government from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, were intercepted while petitioning in Beijing. The petitioners were first held at Majia House, a detention center where Beijing petitioners are often detained, then Wuhan Beijing Liaison Office before being forcibly returned to Wuhan. Reportedly, four of the intercepted petitioners have been detained. One petitioner, Wang Zan (王瓒), is now held at a ‘law education class” at Baiquan Education Base, Jianghan District, Wuhan, an illegal and secret ‘black jail’ where Wuhan petitioners are detained. (CRLW)[xviii]
Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment
Housing Rights Activist Yu Jianli Made to Wear Handcuffs and Leg Irons during Trial
On May 23, Yu Jianli (于建利), a housing rights activist from Qingdao City, Shandong Province accused of “slander”, was tried by Jiaonan City Court in Shandong Province. Despite protests by Yu’s lawyers, Teng Biao (滕彪) and Wen Haibo (温海波), Yu was made to wear handcuffs and leg irons throughout the 4-hour trial. The court is to announce the verdict at a later date.
Yu is a representative of residents in Cuobuling, Northern District, Qingdao, whose property has been forcibly demolished. Yu was criminally detained by the authorities on July 27, 2007 and tried by the Qingdao City Northern District Court on March 4, 2008. However, the Court failed to deliver a verdict and Yu’s case was transferred to Jiaonan City Court. (CRLW)[xix]
Court Upholds Decision to Send Workers’ Representative to Re-education through Labor
Hualong District People’s Court in Puyang City, Henan Province, upheld the decision to send Li Guohong (李国宏), a laid-off workers’ representative at Zhongyuan Oil Field, to 18 months of RTL by Puyang City RTL Management Committee. Li’s family learned of the decision on May 30. Li said he would appeal.
On May 25, when Li’s family visited him at the RTL camp, Li was so seriously ill that he was only able to meet them while lying in bed. Li suffers from gout and severe eye illness. Li and his family have applied for his release for medical treatment but authorities have not responded to their requests. (CRLW)[xx]
Citizen Actions
15,000 Teachers Issue Public Letter Calling for Adequate Treatment following Lay-offs
On May 12, 15,000 former teachers from Hubei, Hunan, Henan, Shandong and Shaanxi Provinces issued a public letter calling on the authorities to provide adequate pensions and medical care for teachers after they were laid off. Most of the signatories were substitute teachers and teachers from citizen-managed schools.
On May 27, over 100 teachers from citizen-managed schools in No.8 District, Heze City, Shandong Province staged a sit-in protest in front of the city government building. They blocked the entrance to the building and demanded that the local government provide them with adequate pensions and medical care. Although members of the city government came out to speak with the teachers, no solution was promised.
In some villagers in the 1950s and 1960s, educated young people were recruited as teachers and paid by the villagers. In the 1990s, the government started to dismiss a large number of these teachers while some who are qualified can have their status changed from citizen-managed to state-managed (i.e. teachers employed by the state). However, in this process, many qualified teachers have lost their jobs and their pensions after teaching for decades. (CRLW)[xxi]
Two Thousand Guangzhou Workers on Strike
On May 31, about 2,000 workers at Guangzhou Yuchuan Xingye Shoe Limited staged a strike. The workers gathered north of Guangcong Commercial Street, Zhuliao Township, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, and blocked the traffic. Following mediation by the police, the workers dispersed and some resumed working later in the afternoon. The workers were not satisfied with having to work overtime without pay. Currently, the workers and the employer are engaged in negotiation. (Southern Daily)[xxii]
Policy and Regulation Watch
Supreme People’s Court Issues Regulations on Death Penalty Cases
On May 21, the Supreme People’s Court and Ministry of Justice issued a set of regulations to standardize the handling of death penalty cases. The regulations stipulate requisite qualifications of defense lawyers as well as the responsibilities and procedures for lawyers and the People’s Courts in processing such cases. (Legal System Daily)[xxiii]
Shenzhen to Hold Contested Local Elections
On May 22, Shenzhen City government published “An Outline on Shenzhen’s Recent Reforms (Draft)”, which outlines nineteen political, administrative, economic, cultural and social reforms for Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. Most notably, Shenzhen is to hold contested elections in the local People’s Congress for the positions of chief and assistant chief of its districts. (Shenzhen City Government)[xxiv]
[i]CRLW, “Two Zhejiang Dissidents Warned against Discussing the Relief Effort in Wenchuan County <浙江两异议人士被警告不得讨论汶川抗震救灾事宜>,” May 22, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080522152707_8745.html
[ii]CRLW, “Five/Six Hundred Policemen Suppressed Shanghai Villagers who Have Been Staging Sit-in Protests for the 14th/15th Day <上海村民静坐抗议进入第十四天 五、六百警察前往打压>”, May 27, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080527161126_8786.html
[iii]Yirenping, “A Statement Regarding the Harassment of the Zhengzhou Office of Yirenping Center by an Individual who Claims to be Police <关于北京益仁平中心郑州办公室遭到自称警方人员骚扰的声明>”, June 3, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200806/20080603204447_8882.html
[iv]CRLW, ” Wuhan Forcibly Evicted Households Barred from Making a Collective Donation for Earthquake Victims <武汉拆迁户集体为灾区募捐遭阻挠>,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080521154804_8730.html; CHRD, “Petitioners Detained for 21 Hours for Earthquake Donation Drive <为灾区募捐访民被关21小时>”, May 15, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080515232432_8694.html
[v]CHRD, “Members of China’s Pan-Blue Alliance of Chinese Nationalists Summoned and under Surveillance <中国泛蓝联盟成员受到普遍传唤与监控>,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080521223047_8742.html
[vi]CHRD, “Human Rights Suffer in Lead-up to China-US “Human Rights Dialogue”: US should take necessary measures to ensure meaningful progress from Dialogue,” May 28, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class15/200805/20080528171432_8804.html
[vii]CHRD, “Authorities Detain Internet Reporter and Host of Corruption-monitoring Website,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200805/20080528170541_8801.html
[viii]CHRD, “Imprisoned Democracy Activist Hu Shigen to Be Released in August,” May 22, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200805/20080528171316_8803.html
[ix]RFA, “Hubei Freelance Writer Zhou Yuanzhi Released <湖北自由作家周远志获释回家>,” May 18, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080518095914_8708.html
[x]CRLW, “Feng Zhenghu Detained and Prevented from Leaving the Country at Shanghai Airport <冯正虎在上海机场被扣留禁止出国>,” May 23, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080523095513_8754.html
[xi]CHRD, “Yuan Weijing Suffers Unprecedented Surveillance and Control <袁伟静遭受前所未有的监控>,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/Class51/200805/20080521202259_8732.html
[xii]CRLW, “Zhang Chunfu, who Was Forcibly Evicted in Tianjin Tanggu, Given a Harsh 5-year Sentence for “Assembling People to Attack State Organs <天津塘沽拆迁人士张春福被以”聚众冲击国家机关罪>”重判五年,https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080523161525_8756.html
[xiii]CHRD, ” Petitioners’ Representative Liu Jie Transferred to Harbin for Detention <上访代表刘杰被转押到哈尔滨>”, May 23, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/liujie/200805/20080523223640_8759.html
[xiv]CRLW, “Jilin Oilfield Dismissed Workers’ Representative Chen Yuping Sent to Re-education through Labor for Organizing Union <吉林油田下岗工人代表陈玉平组建工会被劳教>”, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080528151524_8798.html
[xv]CHRD, “The Case of Boxun Reporter Sun Lin (Jie Mu) Convenes in Nanjing <博讯记者孙林（孑木）案在南京开庭>”, May 31, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/sunlin/200805/20080531162830_8836.html
[xvi]CHRD, “Zhang Hua Detained for Petitioning in Beijing; on Hunger Strike to Protest [his Detention] <张华赴京上访被囚禁，绝食抗议>,” May 18, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080518221146_8712.html
[xvii]CHRD, “Petitioner Wang Guilan Continues to be Detained <访民王桂兰继续关押>”, May 20, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080520223536_8720.html
[xviii]CRLW, “About Ten Intercepted Wuhan Petitioners were Held on a Bus Overnight <武汉被抓十余访民整夜被困车上>”, May 30, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080530174044_8827.html; CRLW, ‘One more Wuhan Petitioner Sent to ‘Education Class’ for Petitioning in Beijing <武汉又一进京访民王瓒被送法教班>”, June 2, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200806/20080602161727_8859.html
[xix]CRLW, “Yu Jianli, Representative of Residents in Qingdo Whose Property Has Been Forcibly Demolished, was Made to Wear Handcuffs and Leg Irons during Trial <青岛拆迁户维权代表于建利被戴上手铐脚镣接受审判>”, May 23, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080523161704_8757.html
[xx]CRLW, “Li Guohong Cannot Get out of Bed in the Re-education through Labor Camp, Authorities Delay Decision over Family’s Application for Release for Medical Treatment <李国宏劳教所内卧床不起 家人保外就医申请遭拖延>”, May 26, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/liguohong/200805/20080526165157_8774.html
[xxi]CRLW, “<15,000 Dismissed Teachers’ ‘Olympic Call’: Please Solve our Problem before the Olympics <15万下岗教师的”奥运呼吁”：请在奥运前解决我们的问题>”, May 12, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080512103351_8647.html
[xxii]Southern Daily, “Two Thousand Workers on Strike in Guangzhou due to Lack of Overtime Pay <广州两千工人不满加班无报酬集体停工>”, June 1, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200806/20080601112019_8845.html
[xxiii]Fazhi Daily, “The Supreme People’s Court and Ministry of Justice: Certain Regulations on Ensuring that Lawyers Fulfil their Defence Responsibilities in Accordance to the Law and Ensuring the Quality of the Process in Death Penalty Cases <最高人民法院 司法部 关于充分保障律师依法履行辩护职责确保死刑案件办理质量的若干规定>”, May 22, 2008, http://news.sohu.com/20080522/n257005509.shtml
[xxiv]Shenzhen Government, “An Outline of Shenzhen’s Recent Reform Public Consultation Notice <《深圳市近期改革纲要》公众咨询公告>”May 21, 2008, http://www.sz.gov.cn/zwgk/gzxx/ggtz/200805/t20080521_352924.htm
CRLW, “Five/Six Hundred Policemen Suppressed Shanghai Villagers who Have Been Staging Sit-in Protests for the 14th/15th Day <上海村民静坐抗议进入第十四天 五、六百警察前往打压>”, May 27, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080527161126_8786.html
Yirenping, “A Statement Regarding the Harassment of the Zhengzhou Office of Yirenping Center by an Individual who Claims to be Police <关于北京益仁平中心郑州办公室遭到自称警方人员骚扰的声明>”, June 3, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200806/20080603204447_8882.html
CRLW, ” Wuhan Forcibly Evicted Households Barred from Making a Collective Donation for Earthquake Victims <武汉拆迁户集体为灾区募捐遭阻挠>,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080521154804_8730.html; CHRD, “Petitioners Detained for 21 Hours for Earthquake Donation Drive <为灾区募捐访民被关21小时>”, May 15, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080515232432_8694.html
CHRD, “Members of China’s Pan-Blue Alliance of Chinese Nationalists Summoned and under Surveillance <中国泛蓝联盟成员受到普遍传唤与监控>,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080521223047_8742.html
CHRD, “Human Rights Suffer in Lead-up to China-US “Human Rights Dialogue”: US should take necessary measures to ensure meaningful progress from Dialogue,” May 28, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class15/200805/20080528171432_8804.html
CHRD, “Authorities Detain Internet Reporter and Host of Corruption-monitoring Website,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200805/20080528170541_8801.html
CHRD, “Imprisoned Democracy Activist Hu Shigen to Be Released in August,” May 22, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200805/20080528171316_8803.html
RFA, “Hubei Freelance Writer Zhou Yuanzhi Released <湖北自由作家周远志获释回家>,” May 18, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080518095914_8708.html
CRLW, “Feng Zhenghu Detained and Prevented from Leaving the Country at Shanghai Airport <冯正虎在上海机场被扣留禁止出国>,” May 23, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080523095513_8754.html
CHRD, “Yuan Weijing Suffers Unprecedented Surveillance and Control <袁伟静遭受前所未有的监控>,” May 21, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/Class51/200805/20080521202259_8732.html
CRLW, “Zhang Chunfu, who Was Forcibly Evicted in Tianjin Tanggu, Given a Harsh 5-year Sentence for “Assembling People to Attack State Organs <天津塘沽拆迁人士张春福被以”聚众冲击国家机关罪>”重判五年,https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080523161525_8756.html
CHRD, ” Petitioners’ Representative Liu Jie Transferred to Harbin for Detention <上访代表刘杰被转押到哈尔滨>”, May 23, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/liujie/200805/20080523223640_8759.html
CRLW, “Jilin Oilfield Dismissed Workers’ Representative Chen Yuping Sent to Re-education through Labor for Organizing Union <吉林油田下岗工人代表陈玉平组建工会被劳教>”, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080528151524_8798.html
CHRD, “The Case of Boxun Reporter Sun Lin (Jie Mu) Convenes in Nanjing <博讯记者孙林（孑木）案在南京开庭>”, May 31, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/sunlin/200805/20080531162830_8836.html
CHRD, “Zhang Hua Detained for Petitioning in Beijing; on Hunger Strike to Protest [his Detention] <张华赴京上访被囚禁，绝食抗议>,” May 18, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080518221146_8712.html
CHRD, “Petitioner Wang Guilan Continues to be Detained <访民王桂兰继续关押>”, May 20, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080520223536_8720.html
CRLW, “About Ten Intercepted Wuhan Petitioners were Held on a Bus Overnight <武汉被抓十余访民整夜被困车上>”, May 30, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200805/20080530174044_8827.html; CRLW, ‘One more Wuhan Petitioner Sent to ‘Education Class’ for Petitioning in Beijing <武汉又一进京访民王瓒被送法教班>”, June 2, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200806/20080602161727_8859.html
CRLW, “Yu Jianli, Representative of Residents in Qingdo Whose Property Has Been Forcibly Demolished, was Made to Wear Handcuffs and Leg Irons during Trial <青岛拆迁户维权代表于建利被戴上手铐脚镣接受审判>”, May 23, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080523161704_8757.html
CRLW, “Li Guohong Cannot Get out of Bed in the Re-education through Labor Camp, Authorities Delay Decision over Family’s Application for Release for Medical Treatment <李国宏劳教所内卧床不起 家人保外就医申请遭拖延>”, May 26, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/liguohong/200805/20080526165157_8774.html
CRLW, “<15,000 Dismissed Teachers’ ‘Olympic Call’: Please Solve our Problem before the Olympics <15万下岗教师的”奥运呼吁”：请在奥运前解决我们的问题>”, May 12, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200805/20080512103351_8647.html
Southern Daily, “Two Thousand Workers on Strike in Guangzhou due to Lack of Overtime Pay <广州两千工人不满加班无报酬集体停工>”, June 1, 2008, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200806/20080601112019_8845.html
Fazhi Daily, “The Supreme People’s Court and Ministry of Justice: Certain Regulations on Ensuring that Lawyers Fulfil their Defence Responsibilities in Accordance to the Law and Ensuring the Quality of the Process in Death Penalty Cases <最高人民法院 司法部 关于充分保障律师依法履行辩护职责确保死刑案件办理质量的若干规定>”, May 22, 2008, http://news.sohu.com/20080522/n257005509.shtml
Shenzhen Government, “An Outline of Shenzhen’s Recent Reform Public Consultation Notice <《深圳市近期改革纲要》公众咨询公告>”May 21, 2008, http://www.sz.gov.cn/zwgk/gzxx/ggtz/200805/t20080521_352924.htm