China Human Rights Briefing April 1-14, 2009
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Reporting human rights development from the grassroots
April 1-14, 2009
HIGHLIGHTS
On the eve of the release of China’s first “National Human Rights Plan of Action”, rights abuses continued apace across the country:
– While the government pledged its commitment to rule of law and improving the legal system, CHRD documented the case of Yang Zaixin (杨再新), a Guangxi lawyer beaten in retaliation for his work representing farmers in a legal dispute. In Chengdu, Cheng Hai (程海) was followed and attacked by officials from the Jinyang General Management Office in Chengdu’s Wuhou District for representing a Falun Gong practitioner. Most recently, in Shanghai, Yan Yiming (严义明) was surprised and attacked in his office by three men who had arrived claiming to need legal counsel.
– While the government reiterates its promise in the National Plan of Action to improve the conditions in detention facilities and take substantive measures to reduce torture, CHRD learned of the case of An Weifeng (安伟峰), a prisoner now hospitalized with serious kidney damage after being beaten by guards, and Zhao Donglian (赵冬莲), a petitioner tortured and beaten while in detention. Tragically, CHRD also learned the story of Lin Guoqiang (林国强), a 19 year-old who died after being beaten in a Fujian detention center.
– Finally, CHRD recorded the story of Sun Wenguang (孙文广), a 75 year-old former university professor attacked and beaten for paying his respects to reformist CCP leader Zhao Ziyang (赵紫阳).
Please click here to download the full CHRB date range in PDF format
Table of Contents
Shandong Professor Assaulted for Commemorating Reformist Leader Zhao Ziyang. 3
Man Detained for Mentioning Tiananmen Massacre on Internet Forum.. 3
Democratic Activist Summoned for Signing Charter 08. 3
Police Ask Signatory to Declare Endorsement Void. 4
Torture and Other Cruel and Inhumane Treatment. 4
Fujian Teenager Dies after Beating in Detention. 4
Veteran Petitioner Detained, Tortured by Hunan Police. 4
Henan Prisoner Beaten by Guards; Hospitalized with Kidney Damage. 4
Guangxi Lawyer Beaten in Retaliation for Defending Farmers. 5
Beijing Lawyer Cheng Hai Assaulted by Officials for Representing Falun Going Practitioner. 5
Professor to Sue Beijing Internet Company over Website Closure. 5
Sichuan Petitioner Kidnapped While Visiting Daughter in Beijing. 5
Heilongjiang Petitioner Arbitrarily Detained in Hospital 6
PetroChina Workers Detained, Punished for Petitioning. 6
Police Repeatedly Cut Power to Petitioner’s Home. 6
Shanghai Lawyer Attacked in His Office. 7
Police Summon, Search Home of Beijing Dissident. 7
Chengdu Police Continue Crackdown on Activists in Wake of February Protest. 7
Guizhou Rights Activists Forced to Flee in Face of Police Threats. 7
Human Rights Defender Liu Jie Released. 8
Thousands Strike Outside Hebei Factory, March towards Beijing. 8
Hundreds of Current and Former Community-Run School Teachers Gather in Hubei to Protest. 8
Guizhou Citizens Harassed by Public Security Officers for Mourning Martyrs. 9
Beijing Lawyer Prevented from Meeting with Client in Nanjing. 9
Community-based Alternatives to Incarceration Being Researched. 9
Wuhan to Station PSB Officers with Urban Inspection Units. 10
Countdown to June 4
Shandong Professor Assaulted for Commemorating Reformist Leader Zhao Ziyang
Sun Wenguang (孙文广), a 75-year-old retired Shandong University professor and vocal dissident based in Jinan City, Shandong Province, was severely beaten on April 5 by a group of unidentified men on his way to the local cemetery to commemorate the life of Zhao Ziyang (赵紫阳), the late reformist CCP Secretary General known for his sympathy with student demonstrators during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. April 5 was Qingming Festival, a traditional Chinese holiday to remember and honor the dead. Sun was earlier warned against visiting the grave by local police. (CHRD)[i]
Man Detained for Mentioning Tiananmen Massacre on Internet Forum
CHRD learned on April 7 that Dong Changlin (董长林), a resident of Tiexi District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, was subject to five days of administrative detention for posting a comment mentioning the Tiananmen Massacre on Kaidi Forum, a popular forum in China. Dong posted the comment on March 1 and two days later, he was administratively detained for “spreading rumors and disrupting social order”. (CHRD)[ii]
Charter 08 Watch
Democratic Activist Summoned for Signing Charter 08
Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province democratic activist Luo Yongquan (罗勇泉), a signatory of Charter 08, was summoned by members of the National Security Unit under the Nanxiong County, Shaoguan City PSB on April 1, the second time in half a month. Luo, a member of the Chinese Democracy Party, previously served three years in prison and after being released from prison has had his working rights deprived on numerous occasions for continuing to advocate for a democratic constitutional government. (CHRD)[iii]
Police Ask Signatory to Declare Endorsement Void
On April 11, Wei Wenying (魏文英), a representative of dismissed teachers from Kunming, Yunnan Province, told CHRD that policemen from the National Security Unit of Kunming PSB have contacted her three times in the past three months asking her to declare void her endorsement of the Charter. The police asked her to make a public announcement stating that another person with the same name, not her had signed the Charter. The bizarre request was rejected by Wei. (CHRD) [iv]
Torture and Other Cruel and Inhumane Treatment
Fujian Teenager Dies after Beating in Detention
On April 11, CHRD learned the story of Lin Guoqiang (林国强), a 19-year old from Jinmei Village, Longtian Town, Fuqing City, Fujian Province who died suddenly while in detention at the Fuqing Detention Center. Lin was detained on October 25, 2008 and held because his family could not come up with the 6000 RMB demanded by public security officials for his release. On January 8, 2009, the family received a phone call from Jinmei Village cadre Lin Yong (林勇, no relation) who told them that Lin was at Fuqing City Hospital receiving treatment. Lin’s parents rushed to the hospital, but could not find their son. When they asked a police officer, they were told that Lin had already died. Not comprehending how their healthy, 19 year-old son could have met such a tragic fate, Lin’s parents pushed aside Lin’s clothing to reveal parts of his body, especially his waist and back, that were swollen and showed blood clots, leading them to believe that he died as a result of injuries suffered while in detention. Lin’s family was further shocked as a legal medical “expert” from Sun Yat-sen University testified that the cause of death was not related to injuries caused by external force. The family is currently waiting for another autopsy to be performed. (CHRD)[v]
Veteran Petitioner Detained, Tortured by Hunan Police
On April 2, Yangliu Village, Xialiu Town, Hengdong County, Hengyang City, Hunan Province petitioner Zhao Donglian (赵冬莲) was summoned for four hours for “disturbing social order” in the Hengdong County Xintang PSB station, during which time she was tortured and beaten. Zhao was handcuffed to a cement bench and a window, gagged, and assaulted by three officials from the National Security Unit under the Hengdong County PSB. Zhao, a veteran petitioner, was persecuted by the police in an attempt to make her pledge she would stop petitioning and sever ties with other petitioners. Zhao previously served two years in a RTL camp for petitioning to expose the corruption of the Hengdong County Party Secretary and other local officials. (CHRD)[vi]
Henan Prisoner Beaten by Guards; Hospitalized with Kidney Damage
CHRD learned on April 1 that An Weifeng (安伟峰), a Henan man imprisoned for robbery in 2004, is in serious condition after reportedly being beaten in prison. According to An’s father, An Jianguo (安建国), An Weifeng has been released on bail for medical treatment and is currently hospitalized receiving emergency care. When An Jianguo visited his son on January 20 at Bancheng Prison in Chengde City, Henan Province, he was shocked to discover the condition in which his son, who was a strong young man before imprisonment, was presently in, as his entire body was swollen and covered in a succession of scars. An Weifeng was released on bail on March 6, at which point he was hospitalized at the expense of his family, who are struggling to pay his rising medical bills. According to An Jianguo, An Weifeng is suffering from severe anemia and necrosis of the kidney, which Weifang said was the result of beatings by prison guards and electric shock torture suffered by his son while imprisoned. An Jianguo reported his son’s torture to the Henan Provincial Procuratorate on January 21, and though the Procuratorate sent a representative to the prison the next day, nothing ever came of the investigation, which An reports consisted only of a “few questions” for An Weifeng which the official did not record. (CHRD)[vii]
Guangxi Lawyer Beaten in Retaliation for Defending Farmers
On the afternoon of April 10, Yang Zaixin (杨再新), a Guangxi lawyer, was attacked and beaten in Hepu County, Guangxi, after being lured into a trap over the phone by a person posing as a potential client asking for his assistance in a case. When Yang arrived at the agreed-upon time and place he was quickly surrounded by five men and beaten for more than 10 minutes, at which point onlookers took Yang to a nearby hospital. While the identities of the attackers are unknown, Yang believes he was targeted in retaliation for his work representing farmers from Hepu County in a recent land dispute between the farmers and the Qinlian tree farm, a state-owned enterprise. (CHRD)[viii]
Beijing Lawyer Cheng Hai Assaulted by Officials for Representing Falun Going Practitioner
In the early morning hours of April 13, Beijing lawyer Cheng Hai (程海) was attacked and beaten while on his way to meet with a client in Chengdu. Cheng is representing Tao Yuan (陶渊), a former Beijing Normal University graduate student and Falun Gong practitioner imprisoned for “publicizing an evil cult” who is applying for release on bail for medical treatment. Cheng was on his way to meet Tao’s mother, Zhang Chengrong (张盛荣), who lives in Wuhou District, when four or five men who had been monitoring and following Cheng encircled him and began striking him, pushing him onto the floor and kicking him. According to Cheng, those responsible for the attack were officials from the Jinyang General Management Office, Wuhou District, Chengdu. (CHRD)[ix]
Freedom of Expression
Professor to Sue Beijing Internet Company over Website Closure
In a statement released on March 30, Beijing professor Hu Xingdou (胡星斗) announced his intention to sue Beijing’s Xinwang Shuma Information Technology Company and Suzhou internet police after his website was closed by the Beijing web hosting company on March 25. According to Hu, his website was closed after an article he had written about government corruption was declared “illegal information.” Lawyers Zhang Xingshui (张星水) and Wang Haiyang (汪海洋) will represent Hu. (CHRD)[x]
Persecution of Petitioners
Sichuan Petitioner Kidnapped While Visiting Daughter in Beijing
Around 1 pm on the afternoon of April 4, Yang Suying (杨素英), a petitioner from Lizi Villge, Baiguo Township, Qingshen County, Sichuan Province, was walking with her daughter, a university student, on the campus of a university in Beijing when she was suddenly seized by three unidentified men and dragged into a nearby car. It is unclear why Yang was kidnapped, though her daughter suspects it is the work of interceptors from her hometown in Sichuan Province. Friends say they have not had any contact with Yang since she disappeared. Yang, a victim of an illegal forced eviction, has been petitioning for ten years. (CHRD)[xi]
Heilongjiang Petitioner Arbitrarily Detained in Hospital
CHRD learned on April 6 that petitioner Chen Qingxia (陈庆霞) is now being detained in Harbin University of Medical Sciences Hospital, where she is receiving some form of treatment while being watched over by guards and forbidden from leaving the hospital. Chen was sent from a local black jail where she was held to the hospital on March 24 by local authorities. According to relatives, Chen has been visited by Yu Xingyu (于兴玉), vice-secretary of the CCP in Dailing District, Harbin City, who proposed an agreement with Chen in which the government would arrange for her treatment and future welfare provided Chen drop her complaints against the government for her arbitrary detention, injuries, and the loss of her son. Yu also demanded Chen sever relations with her elder brother and her sister-in-law; Chen refused to agree to any of Yu’s conditions. Chen was petitioning because her husband developed a mental illness as a result of repeated detention when she was intercepted in Beijing on April 24, 2007. In the process, her son was lost, and to avoid responsibility, officials have now detained Chen for close to two years. (CHRD)[xii]
PetroChina Workers Detained, Punished for Petitioning
On March 31, a group of 40 workers and staff members from the Nanyang Branch Office of PetroChina were detained by police in Beijing while crossing Tiananmen Square after they had travelled to the capital to petition at their company’s head offices. They were then forcibly returned to Nanyang City, Henan Province. Upon returning to Nanyang, the petitioners were stripped of their jobs, told they would be sent to an “education class” (a type of black jail), and told they would be subjected to future punishment because they were petitioning at a “sensitive area”, according to a public announcement issued by the management of the branch office. (CHRD)[xiii]
Police Repeatedly Cut Power to Petitioner’s Home
On April 5, Shunyi District, Beijing petitioner and activist Zhang Shufeng (张淑凤) reported that power lines into her home had been cut by police for the third time in a month. Zhang, who was under house arrest during the annual sessions of the NPC and the CPPCC in March, said her power lines were previously cut on March 6 and March 11, while she was confined to her home to prevent her from petitioning. Zhang reports she is being retaliated against for her years of petitioning, and her power has been cut numerous times in the past: when their electricity was cut in September 2008, the electricity repairmen who came to her home told Zhang’s husband that their wiring would be repaired “if they stopped petitioning.” (CHRD)[xiv]
Persecution of Activists
Shanghai Lawyer Attacked in His Office
On April 14, Shanghai lawyer Yan Yiming (严义明) was attacked in his office, suffering a broken shoulder blade and numerous injuries. According to an employee at Yan’s law firm, an unidentified man called on April 13, asking to meet with Yan to seek legal counsel and was given an appointment for the next day. Three men arrived at the appointed time, around 1:30 pm on the afternoon of April 14. After a brief discussion, the men produced iron clubs from their backpacks and attacked Yan. The employee also reported that, a few days before the attack, someone had called the office to threaten Yan. It is believed that Yan, who is known as a premier defender of minority shareholders’ rights, was targeted for his work on a case involving securities trading. Yan is currently recuperating at home. (CHRD)[xv]
Police Summon, Search Home of Beijing Dissident
At 9:30 on the morning of April 2, 10 members of the National Security Unit under the Beijing PSB rushed into the home of Beijing dissident Gao Hongming (高洪明), producing an official summons notice and search warrant. Gao was taken away for questioning by a group of the police, while others remained in Gao’s home, searching the premises. Gao, who was released at 2 in the afternoon, was told that he was summoned for accepting interviews with foreign media and publishing articles, acts prohibited as he remains deprived of his political rights since being released from prison in June of 2007. Gao was imprisoned for organizing the China Democracy Party in 1998. (CHRD)[xvi]
Chengdu Police Continue Crackdown on Activists in Wake of February Protest
On April 1, Chengdu workers’ rights advocate Zeng Rongkang (曾荣康) became the latest activist to be formally arrested by local authorities for participating in demonstrations outside Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court on February 23 and 24. Zeng, who had been criminally detained on March 20 on suspicion of “assembling a crowd to disturb social order,” joins Huang Xiaomin (黄晓敏), Xin Qingxian (辛清贤), Lu Dachun (陆大椿), and Yan Wenhan (严文汉), who were detained between February 28 and March 1 on suspicion of “disturbing social order” and formally arrested on April 1. Police believe Zeng to be the main organizer of the protest, and have threatened him with severe punishment. (CHRD)[xvii]
Guizhou Rights Activists Forced to Flee in Face of Police Threats
CHRD learned on April 1 that Bijie Area, Guizhou Province rural land rights advocates Lu Yanfei (路言飞), Wang Li (王丽), and Liu Junchun (刘俊春) have fled their hometown to escape being detained once again by local officials. The three were previously criminally detained for 10 days between March 14 and March 24 on suspicion of “disturbing social order” after traveling to Beijing to petition on behalf of villagers who lost their land in forced evictions carried out in May of 2008. The three, who traveled to Beijing during the annual session of the NPC in early March 2009 along with seven other activists, were captured in Beijing by local police and turned over to interceptors from Bijie Area, who forcibly returned them to Guizhou. The families of Lu, Wang, and Liu who have remained in Guizhou have been subjected to increased intimidation and harassment at the hands of local police. (CHRD) [xviii]
Human Rights Defender Liu Jie Released
Liu Jie (刘杰), a human rights defender from Beian City, Heilongjiang Province, has been released after serving 18 months of Re-education through Labor (RTL). Liu was sent to RTL for “Instigating trouble and disturbing social order” on November 12, 2007 after she released a public letter signed by 12,150 petitioners calling on leaders at the 17th Party Congress to reform. (CHRD)[xix]
Freedom of Assembly
Thousands Strike Outside Hebei Factory, March towards Beijing
Beginning March 29, thousands of workers at the Yimian Group factory in Baoding City, Hebei Province went on strike after learning that the factory was set to be demolished and the vast majority of positions eliminated. According to eyewitnesses, the striking workers numbered nearly 4000, while the gathered crowd, including retired workers, approached ten thousand. The Yimian Group, previously a state-owned enterprise, was sold to a Hong Kong company in 2004. The company, claiming bankruptcy, plans to close the factory and build a new plant elsewhere in Baoding City, and the workers are demanding appropriate compensation.
On the morning of April 3, a group of close to 6000 workers gathered to begin a march along state highway 107 towards Beijing, where they planned to seek aid from higher authorities in addressing their problems. The marchers pressed on for more than 10 hours, when they finally came to a halt outside of Xushui county town. Police and government officials, who had followed along with the marchers throughout the day, began coercing and pushing protestors onto more than 10 waiting buses. The last group was loaded onto buses around 2 in the morning, and the march concluded peacefully. Back in Baoding, protests continued outside of the Yimian factory. (CRLW)[xx]
Hundreds of Current and Former Community-Run School Teachers Gather in Hubei to Protest
On the evening of March 31, a group of more than 100 substitute teachers from Jiangling County, Hubei Province, gathered outside the Jiangling County Court to protest the court’s decision not to accept their case. According to teachers’ representative Song Jigao (宋继诰), the teachers continued their protest through the night and into the next day. The protestors, who are all former community-run school (minban) teachers currently employed at Jiangling County schools, filed a lawsuit in December 2008 asking the court to address wage discrimination as they earn roughly a fifth of the salary given to their similarly-aged peers who are recognized as “full” teachers by the state. The Court said the county Party secretary had ordered them not to accept the case. (CRLW)[xxi]
Later, on the morning of April 7, some 200 to 300 laid-off community-run school teachers and representatives from Suizhou City and Guangshui City, Hubei Province, gathered to protest outside of the Suizhou City Municipal Party Committee offices. The teachers’ group has been protesting in hopes of securing pensions, medical care, and other social security measures denied to its members since they were forced to resign in 2002 and provided with only nominal compensation, in the form of a one-time payment of 4000 or 5000 RMB. (CRLW)[xxii]
Guizhou Citizens Harassed by Public Security Officers for Mourning Martyrs
On the afternoon of April 10, a group of nearly 40 Guizhou citizens, many of them members of Guizhou Human Rights Forum spontaneously gathered at Haitian Garden public cemetery to mourn martyrs who lost their lives during the War of Resistance against Japan. As members of the group laid flowers, left offerings, and displayed a banner honoring the martyrs, a number of officers from the National Security Unit under the Guizhou PSB arrived and attempted to disperse the group and seize the banner. A brief scuffle ensued, though organizers Chen Xi (陈西), Mo Jiangang (莫建刚), and Zhao Jun (赵军) were eventually able to carry on the rest of the memorial activities as planned. Members of the group reported being followed by National Security officers as they left the cemetery. (CHRD)[xxiii]
Right to a Fair Trial
Beijing Lawyer Prevented from Meeting with Client in Nanjing
On the morning of April 8, Beijing lawyer Li Heping (李和平) travelled to Nanjing City’s Xuanwu District Detention Center to meet with client Guo Quan (郭泉), a political activist and an Associate Professor at Nanjing Normal University who is being held on suspicion of “subverting state power”. He was first stopped by officials at the detention center who demanded he return accompanied by another lawyer before visiting Guo; when Li and a Nanjing lawyer returned that afternoon, officials then informed them they would have to travel more than 260 km to Suqian City in order to obtain public prosecution documents regarding Guo and visitation documents. When the pair arrived at the Suqian City Procuratorate on the morning of April 9, they were told that the prosecutor was away on business and they could not retrieve the needed documents. This marks the second time Li has been prevented from meeting with Guo, in clear violation of the Lawyer’s Law. (CHRD)[xxiv]
Law and Policy Watch
Community-based Alternatives to Incarceration Being Researched
According to an April 4 Legal Daily article, members of the State Council Legal Office, National People’s Congress Standing Committee Legal Working Committee, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, and other state organs who make up a legislative research working team held a symposium in Hefei City, Anhui Province on April 2 to discussion legislation to create community-based programs to serve as alternatives to incarceration for convicted criminals. Vice-minister of Justice Hao Chiyong (郝赤勇) called the proposed legislation an important part of reforming China’s legal system, and the Ministry of Justice, currently in the process of preparing a draft law, hopes to implement the plan across the country by the end of the year.
While the Chinese government claims that it began a pilot community-based correction scheme in July 2003, CHRD’s research shows that, more than five years on, the government has not implemented the pilot scheme. It is not yet clear whether this new working group will create something that the government chooses to implement. (Legal Daily)[xxv]
Wuhan to Station PSB Officers with Urban Inspection Units
Legal Daily reported on March 30 that the Law and Order Corps of the Wuhan’s Public Security Bureau has for the first time assigned Law and Order Corps people’s policemen to assist the Urban Inspection Department. The Law and Order Corps members will act to swiftly resolve any “obstructions” to law enforcement activities being carried out by Urban Inspection officers (chengguan). This is extremely concerning news, as Urban Inspection officers, already notorious for their use of violence and extreme heavy-handedness in dealing with impoverished residents, small business owners, and other vulnerable groups, will now have an additional tool at their disposal as they seek to impose their will on citizens.
[i] “Shandong Professor Assaulted for Commemorating Reformist Leader Zhao Ziyang”, April 7, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200904/20090407010604_14748.html
[ii] “Man Subjected to Five Days of Detention for Posting a Comment Mentioning the Massacre Twenty Years Ago <因跟帖提到二十年前的屠杀而被拘留五天>”, April 7, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200904/20090407010932_14750.html
[iii] “Democratic Activist Luo Yongquan Summoned for Signing Charter 08 (民主人士罗勇泉因签署《零八宪章》被传唤)”, April 2, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200904/20090402011829_14639.html.
[iv] “Kunming National Security Police Asked Signatory to Declare that She Was Not the One Who Endorsed the Charter (昆明国保要求《零八宪章》签署人声明签名不是本人 )”, April 11, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200904/20090411131653_14861.html
[v] “Fuqing Detention Center Detainee Beaten to Death after Extortion Fails (福建福清看守所敲诈不成打死关押人 )”, April 11, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090411140309_14863.html
[vi] “Petitioner Zhao Donglian Detained by Hengdong, Hunan Police (访民赵冬莲被湖南衡东警方抓捕)”, April 3, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class71/200904/20090403193403_14685.html
[vii] “Bancheng, Henan Prison Guards Beat Prisoner, Leaving Him in Critical Condition; Playing A New Kind of ‘Hide and Seek’ (河北板城监狱狱警殴打犯人致生命垂危，玩新版”躲猫猫”)”, April 1, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090401145839_14616.html.
[viii] “Another Case of A Lawyer Being Beaten in Guangxi; Suspected to Be Work of Collusion Between Officials, Business Leaders, and Organized Criminals (广西再次发生维权律师被殴事件 疑为官商黑三股势力幕后指使)”. April 11, 2009. /Article/Class53/200904/20090411155458_14865.html
[ix] “Beijing Lawyer Cheng Hai Assaulted by Officials for Representing Falun Going Practitioner”, April 14, 2009.
[x] “Statement from Hu Xingdou About Lawsuit against Beijing Internet Company, Suzhou Censors (胡星斗关于起诉北京新网公司、苏州网监的声明)”, April 5, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090405121229_14725.html.
[xi] “Urgent Bulletin: Sizhuan Petitioner Kidnapped on University Campus (紧急关注：四川访民在大学校园被绑架)”, April 5, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200904/20090405235322_14729.html.
[xii]“Chen Qingxia, of Yichun, Heilongjiang, Cut off from Outside World in Name of ‘Treatment’ 黑龙江伊春陈庆霞被以治疗为名被隔绝与外界联系)”, April 6, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090406122650_14737.html
[xiii] “Forty Employees of PetroChina Nanyang Branch Office Sent to Education Class after Petitioning in Beijing (中石油南阳分公司四十名职工到北京上访被办学习班)”, April 10, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090410214647_14845.html
[xiv]“After Two Meetings, Power Cut at Beijng Petitioner Zhang Shufeng’s Home Again (两会后 北京访民张淑凤家又被断电)”, April 5, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200904/20090405165842_14727.html
[xv]“Shanghai Human Rights Lawyer Yan Yiming Attacked and Injured in Office (上海维权律师严义明在律所遇袭受伤)”, April 14, 2009.
[xvi] “Beijing Dissident Wang Hongming Summoned, Home Searched (北京异议人士高洪明先生被抄家传唤)”, April 2, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090402164048_14652.html
[xvii] “Chengdu Does its Best to Attack Rights Defenders; Zeng Rongkang Arrested (成都不遗余力打击维权 曾荣康被逮捕)”, April 12, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090412225108_14877.html. See also “Four Chengdu Activists Arrested; Police Serve Formal Notice to Person Dead for More than 10 Years (成都四名维权人士已被逮捕 警方称将通知书交给死亡十几年之人)”, April 9, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090409111959_14802.html.
[xviii] “Bijie, Guizhou Detains Village Land Rights Activists, Forces Representatives to Flee (贵州毕节关押维护土地权益的村民，迫使维权代表逃亡在外有家难回)”, April 1, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090401210230_14626.html.
[xix] , “Petitioner and Rights Activist Liu Jie Released after Serving Her Terms<上访维权代表刘杰劳教期满出来>”, April 12, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/liujie/200904/20090412200734_14874.html
[xx]“Large-scale Strike and Protest Takes Place Outside Baoding, Hebei’s Yimian Group (河北保定依棉集团爆发大规模工人罢工抗议事件)”, April 2, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090402000000_14635.html. See also: 河北保定六千棉纺工人步行进京”旅游” “维权”与”维稳”成09中国核心话题
https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090404110701_14701.html, 河北保定依棉集团职工维权”游行”的原委 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090404193855_14703.html, and保定依棉进京工人凌晨两点返回 维权抗争行动继续 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090405002756_14709.html.
[xxi] “Jiangling, Hubei Substitute Teachers Tired of Double Standards; Hold Two-Day Protest Outside Courthouse (湖北江陵代课教师同工不同酬 连续两日至法院集体抗议)”, April 1, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090401161552_14621.html.
[xxii]” Suizhou Refuses to Resolve Problems of Teachers; Hundreds from Two Cities Combine to Protest (随州拒不解决民师问题 引两市数百民师集体抗议)”, April 7, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090407133244_14759.html
[xxiii] “Guizhou Citizens Harassed for Mourning Martyrs (贵州公民悼念抗日烈士遭”国保”骚扰)”, April 11, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090411234236_14868.html.
[xxiv]“Nanjing Judicial Administration Authorities Obstruct Lawyer’s Meeting with Guo Quan (南京司法当局”折腾”律师会见郭泉)”, April 8, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090408202340_14792.html. And “Lawyer Li Heping Prevented from Meeting Guo Quan by Absent Suqian Public Prosecutor (李和平律师被宿迁检察院以公诉人出差为由阻止会见郭泉)”, April 9, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090409210442_14818.html
[xxv] ” Community-based Correctional Legislation Being Researched; Ministry of Justice Currently Drafting Law (社区矫正立法调研 司法部正在起草社区矫正执行办法)”, April 4, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/04/content_1065262.htm
[1] “Shandong Professor Assaulted for Commemorating Reformist Leader Zhao Ziyang”, April 7, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200904/20090407010604_14748.html
[1] “Man Subjected to Five Days of Detention for Posting a Comment Mentioning the Massacre Twenty Years Ago <因跟帖提到二十年前的屠杀而被拘留五天>”, April 7, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200904/20090407010932_14750.html
[1] “Democratic Activist Luo Yongquan Summoned for Signing Charter 08 (民主人士罗勇泉因签署《零八宪章》被传唤)”, April 2, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200904/20090402011829_14639.html.
[1] “Kunming National Security Police Asked Signatory to Declare that She Was Not the One Who Endorsed the Charter (昆明国保要求《零八宪章》签署人声明签名不是本人 )”, April 11, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200904/20090411131653_14861.html
[1] “Fuqing Detention Center Detainee Beaten to Death after Extortion Fails (福建福清看守所敲诈不成打死关押人 )”, April 11, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090411140309_14863.html
[1] “Petitioner Zhao Donglian Detained by Hengdong, Hunan Police (访民赵冬莲被湖南衡东警方抓捕)”, April 3, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class71/200904/20090403193403_14685.html
[1] “Bancheng, Henan Prison Guards Beat Prisoner, Leaving Him in Critical Condition; Playing A New Kind of ‘Hide and Seek’ (河北板城监狱狱警殴打犯人致生命垂危，玩新版”躲猫猫”)”, April 1, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090401145839_14616.html.
[1] “Another Case of A Lawyer Being Beaten in Guangxi; Suspected to Be Work of Collusion Between Officials, Business Leaders, and Organized Criminals (广西再次发生维权律师被殴事件 疑为官商黑三股势力幕后指使)”. April 11, 2009. /Article/Class53/200904/20090411155458_14865.html
[1] “Beijing Lawyer Cheng Hai Assaulted by Officials for Representing Falun Going Practitioner”, April 14, 2009.
[1] “Statement from Hu Xingdou About Lawsuit against Beijing Internet Company, Suzhou Censors (胡星斗关于起诉北京新网公司、苏州网监的声明)”, April 5, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090405121229_14725.html.
[1] “Urgent Bulletin: Sizhuan Petitioner Kidnapped on University Campus (紧急关注：四川访民在大学校园被绑架)”, April 5, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200904/20090405235322_14729.html.
[1]”Cheng Qingxia, of Yichun, Heilongjiang, Cut off from Outside World in Name of ‘Treatment’ 黑龙江伊春陈庆霞被以治疗为名被隔绝与外界联系)”, April 6, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090406122650_14737.html
[1] “Forty Employees of PetroChina Nanyang Branch Office Sent to Education Class after Petitioning in Beijing (中石油南阳分公司四十名职工到北京上访被办学习班)”, April 10, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090410214647_14845.html
[1]”After Two Meetings, Power Cut at Beijng Petitioner Zhang Shufeng’s Home Again (两会后 北京访民张淑凤家又被断电)”, April 5, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200904/20090405165842_14727.html
[1]”Shanghai Human Rights Lawyer Yan Yiming Attacked and Injured in Office (上海维权律师严义明在律所遇袭受伤)”, April 14, 2009.
[1] “Beijing Dissident Wang Hongming Summoned, Home Searched (北京异议人士高洪明先生被抄家传唤)”, April 2, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090402164048_14652.html
[1] “Chengdu Does its Best to Attack Rights Defenders; Zeng Rongkang Arrested (成都不遗余力打击维权 曾荣康被逮捕)”, April 12, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090412225108_14877.html. See also “Four Chengdu Activists Arrested; Police Serve Formal Notice to Person Dead for More than 10 Years (成都四名维权人士已被逮捕 警方称将通知书交给死亡十几年之人)”, April 9, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090409111959_14802.html.
[1] “Bijie, Guizhou Detains Village Land Rights Activists, Forces Representatives to Flee (贵州毕节关押维护土地权益的村民，迫使维权代表逃亡在外有家难回)”, April 1, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090401210230_14626.html.
[1] , “Petitioner and Rights Activist Liu Jie Released after Serving Her Terms<上访维权代表刘杰劳教期满出来>”, April 12, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/liujie/200904/20090412200734_14874.html
[1]”Large-scale Strike and Protest Takes Place Outside Baoding, Hebei’s Yimian Group (河北保定依棉集团爆发大规模工人罢工抗议事件)”, April 2, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090402000000_14635.html. See also: 河北保定六千棉纺工人步行进京”旅游” “维权”与”维稳”成09中国核心话题
https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090404110701_14701.html, 河北保定依棉集团职工维权”游行”的原委 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090404193855_14703.html, and保定依棉进京工人凌晨两点返回 维权抗争行动继续 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090405002756_14709.html.
[1] “Jiangling, Hubei Substitute Teachers Tired of Double Standards; Hold Two-Day Protest Outside Courthouse (湖北江陵代课教师同工不同酬 连续两日至法院集体抗议)”, April 1, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090401161552_14621.html.
[1]” Suizhou Refuses to Resolve Problems of Teachers; Hundreds from Two Cities Combine to Protest (随州拒不解决民师问题 引两市数百民师集体抗议)”, April 7, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090407133244_14759.html
[1] “Guizhou Citizens Harassed for Mourning Martyrs (贵州公民悼念抗日烈士遭”国保”骚扰)”, April 11, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090411234236_14868.html.
[1]”Nanjing Judicial Administration Authorities Obstruct Lawyer’s Meeting with Guo Quan (南京司法当局”折腾”律师会见郭泉)”, April 8, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090408202340_14792.html. And “Lawyer Li Heping Prevented from Meeting Guo Quan by Absent Suqian Public Prosecutor (李和平律师被宿迁检察院以公诉人出差为由阻止会见郭泉)”, April 9, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090409210442_14818.html
[1] ” Community-based Correctional Legislation Being Researched; Ministry of Justice Currently Drafting Law (社区矫正立法调研 司法部正在起草社区矫正执行办法)”, April 4, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/04/content_1065262.htm
[1] “Wuhan to Station People’s Police with Urban Inspection Bureau for First Time; Seriously Investigate Obstruction of Justice (武汉市首次向城管部门派驻民警 严厉查处阻碍执法行为)”, March 30, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-03/30/content_1061722.htm.