China Human Rights Briefing April 14-19, 2009
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Reporting human rights development from the grassroots
April 14-19, 2009
Highlights
A note to our readers: In order to keep up-to-date with developments and events in the human rights community, China Human Rights Briefing will now be issued as a weekly, rather than a bi-weekly, publication. In this first weekly edition:
- April 15 was the twentieth anniversary of the death of Hu Yaobang (胡耀邦), and a date considered by many to mark the beginning of the 1989 movement. Police and officials summoned or placed under house arrest a number of activists across the country, while two meetings, a Beijing awards ceremony and a Xian memorial gathering, were stopped by police over concerns about the anniversary.
- Xu Kun (许坤), an elected village committee chairman from Baihutou Village in Guangxi Province, lost his job and his party affiliation after attempting to heed his constituents’ calls for greater transparency in government by disclosing his personal financial situation.
- CHRD welcomed news of the release of Li Zhuo (李卓), Zeng Jianyu (曾建余), and Zhu Yufu (朱虞夫), activists who were imprisoned for years on trumped-up charges brought by local officials who sought to punish them for their work.
Please click here to download the full CHRB date range in PDF format
Contents
Activists Summoned or Under House Arrest on Anniversary of Hu Yaobang’s Death. 3
Awards Ceremony Scheduled for April 15 Prevented by Police. 3
Meeting to Honor Memory of Intellectual Broken up by Police. 3
Internet Reporter Detained in RTL; Family Never Notified of Decision. 4
Sichuan Activist Summoned, Threatened for Online Articles. 4
Hubei Teachers’ Representatives Intercepted in Wuhan, Forcibly Returned; Shandong Teachers Freed 4
Sichuan Democratic Activist Released After Eight Years in Prison. 5
Sichuan Environmental Activist and Former Official Freed. 5
Hangzhou Democratic Activist Released. 5
Shenzhen Activist Forcibly Returned from Beijing. 6
Henan Citizen Detained Four Days for Distributing Charter 08. 6
Police Disrupt Easter Service, Summon Six. 6
Guangxi Village Official Loses Party Membership, Put Under Surveillance for Disclosing Holdings. 6
Husband and wife Criminally Detained for Petitioning about Forced Demolition. 7
Torture and Other Cruel and Inhumane Treatment. 7
Pregnant Woman Suffers Miscarriage after Being Pushed by Government Official 7
RTL Detainee Tortured for Fifteen Days. 7
CRLW Launches New Site Devoted to Laid-Off Teachers. 7
Wuhan “Most Excellent” Shop Owner Continues to Resist Forced Demolition. 8
Hundreds Protest Forced Demolition in Changchun City. 8
Taxi Driver Strike in Yueyang Latest in Pattern of Protests Nationwide. 8
Thousands Strike in Chongqing, Blockade Street. 8
Laid-Off Workers from Xian Plant Protest Withheld Settlement Pay. 9
Compensation for Individuals Suffering Infringement of Rights Raised to 111.99 RMB per Day. 9
Zhejiang Considers Draft Law Amending Residence Permit Regulations. 9
Supreme People’s Procuratorate Reports 15 Improper Deaths in Detention This Year. 9
New Detention Center Regulations Target Violence among Detainees. 10
Central Committee and State Council Offices Issue Articles Encouraging Reception of Petitions. 10
Countdown to June 4
Activists Summoned or Under House Arrest on Anniversary of Hu Yaobang’s Death
April 15 marks the twentieth anniversary of the death of Hu Yaobang (胡耀邦), whose funeral in 1989 sparked the student protests that ultimately culminated in the military crackdown on June 4. Police and officials, determined to prevent any activities that might be construed as commemorating Hu’s death or any of the other “sensitive” anniversaries taking place this year, summoned five activists in five different provinces in less than two days. Luo Yongquang (罗勇泉), of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province; Zou Wei (邹巍) of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province; Chen Xi (陈西), of Guizhou Province; Qi Zhiyong (齐志勇), of Beijing; and Zheng Enchong (郑恩宠), of Shanghai, were all summoned on April 14 or April 15 by local police or National Security officers under the PSB of their respective cities. CHRD confirmed that at least two other activists, who do not want their names made public, were kept inside their homes in Beijing. (CHRD)[i]
Awards Ceremony Scheduled for April 15 Prevented by Police
A ceremony to present awards to “Excellent Citizens”, voted on through an online process and sponsored by non-government groups, websites, and activists, was scheduled to be held at Beijing’s Guofeng Square on April 15, but prevented from taking place by police because of the “sensitive” nature of the date. Beijing scholar Du Guang (杜光), who was asked to attend the ceremony to present the awards, arrived at Guofeng Square at the scheduled time, only to find the hall empty. Du was eventually led into a room with three uniformed police officers and two plainclothes individuals, who recorded his identification information before allowing him to leave. (Minzhu Zhongguo)[ii]
Meeting to Honor Memory of Intellectual Broken up by Police
A gathering to mark the one-year anniversary of the passing of intellectual and writer Dang Zhiguo (党治国) was scheduled to be held on the morning of April 18 in a restaurant in the Xian Government Affairs Building, Xian City, Shaanxi Province. When family members, friends, and others arrived to mark his memory, however, they encountered a group of officers from the National Security Unit of the Xian City PSB, who took away the organizers as well as individuals who had travelled from outside Xian to attend. Others, including Xian lawyer Zhang Jiankang (张鉴康) were prevented from attending or warned against coming by police. It is reported that police broke up the memorial over concerns about the upcoming anniversary of the June 4 military crackdown. (CHRD)[iii]
Persecution of Activists
Internet Reporter Detained in RTL; Family Never Notified of Decision
CHRD learned on April 15 that internet reporter Ren Shangyan (任尚燕), former assistant director of China Justice Advocacy Web (中华申正网), is currently detained at Harbin Women’s RTL Camp in Heilongjiang Province serving a one-year term of RTL. She is set to be released next month. Ren was originally detained on May 16, 2008, by police from Shuangyashan PSB in Heilongjiang while investigating accusations of nepotism made by a disabled resident of Shuangyashan against Wang Yijun (王义军), Vice-Chief of the Anti-Corruption Bureau under the Procuratorate of Lingdong District, Shuangyashan City. Her family has not had direct contact with her since her detention, nor have they ever received any official notice of her detention. According to the recently-released RTL detainee who contacted CHRD, Ren was sent to RTL for “internet fraud” by the Shuangyashan RTL Committee. (CHRD)[iv]
Sichuan Activist Summoned, Threatened for Online Articles
At around 9:40 in the morning on April 15, Liu Zhengyou (刘正有), a petitioner-turned activist from Zigong City in Sichuan Province, was summoned (chuanhuan) by officers from the National Security Unit under the Huidong District PSB in Zigong City. Liu was taken to the Huidong District PSB Station, where he was questioned for more than 7 hours. According to Liu, the interrogation focused on articles he had posted online, his work to expose an incident in Hongqi Township, Zigong City where police forced farmers who had lost their land to buy social security, and his involvement with Charter 08. In June 2008, Liu was detained for accepting interviews with foreign media, posting online articles critical of the detention of rights activist Huang Qi (黄琦) and organizing donation drives to aid victims of the Sichuan earthquake. Ultimately Liu was charged with “using a cult to undermine the implementation of law” and released on bail to await trial for one year; during this interrogation, police threatened to extend the terms of his release for another year if he did not put an end to his activism. (CHRD)[v]
Hubei Teachers’ Representatives Intercepted in Wuhan, Forcibly Returned; Shandong Teachers Freed
On April 15, a group of more than 20 laid-off community-run (minban) school teachers’ representatives from Hubei were intercepted by Wuhan police and officials from their respective local governments in Wuhan and forcibly returned to their hometowns after officials accused them of traveling to attend an “illegal meeting”. The teachers’ representatives, who came from over 10 different counties and cities, had traveled to the provincial capital for a meeting to discuss their continued activities. It is unclear what happened to the representatives once they were returned. (CHRD)[vi]
In related news, four teachers’ representatives in Shandong Province were released from detention earlier this month. Wang Diangang (王殿冈) and Cheng Baoyi (盛保意) were released on April 11, while Fan Yongjing (范永进) was released on April 8 while Bi Yuzhu (毕玉柱) was released a few days before Wang and Cheng. The four had been criminally detained since March on suspicion of “possession of state secrets”. As a condition of their release, the four were asked to draft written pledges stating they would not petition. (CRLW)[vii]
Sichuan Democratic Activist Released After Eight Years in Prison
On the morning of April 18, China Democratic Party Sichuan Province organizer Li Zhuo (李卓, originally Xiong Ying [雄鹰]) was released from Shihezi Prison in Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region following eight years of imprisonment. Li, long active in democratic activism in Sichuan Province, was detained in January 2001 and sentenced to 15 years in prison after being tried on corruption charges reportedly concocted as an excuse to punish Li for his role in the China Democratic Party. Of all the participants targeted by the government for their participation in the 1998 organizing meeting for the Sichuan Province branch of the China Democratic Party, Li had received the harshest sentence. (CHRD)[viii]
Sichuan Environmental Activist and Former Official Freed
CHRD learned on April 19 that Zeng Jianyu (曾建余) was released from Luzhou City Jail on March 11. Zeng, who served a number of years as an elected deputy to the Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, People’s Congress in the 1990s, was a strong advocate for environmental protection, citizenship rights, and monitoring of the local law enforcement department, which earned him the wrath of regional officials. In 2003, he became the vice director of the Sichuan Institute of Rights Protection for Enterprises, an NGO, and continued to participate in many rights protection activities, including cases of expropriation of Luzhou farmland and the Luzhou Jiangbei power plant pollution case. Zeng was convicted on trumped-up charges of “fraud” by Lu County People’s Court on February 15, 2007, and sentenced to two and a half years in prison by authorities to punish him for exposing pollution caused by the Jiangbei power plant. (CHRD)[ix]
Hangzhou Democratic Activist Released
A group of ten friends and family members met Zhu Yufu (朱虞夫) on April 18 as he was released from prison after completing his sentence of two years imprisonment for “obstructing the police from carrying out their public duty.” Zhu, a longtime democratic activist from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, previously served seven years in prison for participating in organizing the China Democratic Party. He was released in 2006. On April 18, 2007, while questioning Zhu and his son Zhu Ang (朱卬) without showing any legal authorization outside of their apartment, policemen roughly handled and injured his son. Upon seeing his son injured, Zhu Yufu pushed one policeman away from his son, leading to his arrest and conviction for “obstructing the police from carrying out their public duty.” Zhu will be deprived of his political rights for two years, four months, and twenty-six days after his release following a re-trial in March 2008 that resulted in a harsher sentence. (CHRD)[x]
Shenzhen Activist Forcibly Returned from Beijing
At around 1 in the afternoon on April 7, Shenzhen democratic activist Guo Yongfeng (郭永丰) was seized by Beijing police and officers from the National Security Unit under the Shenzhen PSB and forcibly returned to Shenzhen. Guo, who has been persecuted repeatedly for trying to establish an organization called Citizens’ Association for Government Oversight (中国公民监政会), was in Beijing visiting a friend when he was caught by police. (CRLW)[xi]
Charter 08 Watch
Henan Citizen Detained Four Days for Distributing Charter 08
Nanyang City, Henan Province Liu Shasha (刘沙沙) was detained by local police on April 4 for taking to the streets to distribute copies of Charter 08. Liu, who went on a hunger strike shortly after being detained, was held by police in Nanyang’s Meixi Guesthouse while they interrogated her until 10 in the evening. Rather than allowing her to go home, however, police turned Liu over to leaders from her employer, PetroChina, who kept her under surveillance at a company guesthouse until April 8. (CHRD)[xii]
Freedom of Assembly
Police Disrupt Easter Service, Summon Six
An Easter service organized by a Chengdu City, Sichuan Province house church was broken up by police on April 12, with police summoning six attendees. According to Wang Yi (王怡), one of the individuals summoned by police, there were between 300 and 400 people at the service at 5 pm when dozens of police arrived on the scene, seizing a pair of brothers who were recording the event. Wang, the brothers, and three others were taken to the Jinniu PSB station where they were questioned until 9 pm by PSB and National Security Officers. (CHRD)[xiii]
Freedom of Expression
Guangxi Village Official Loses Party Membership, Put Under Surveillance for Disclosing Holdings
Baihutou Village, Yintan Town, Yinhai District, Beihai City, Guangxi Province Village Committee Chair Xu Kun (许坤) was elected Village Committee Chair in August of 2008. As an elected official, he believed it was his duty to follow the will of the villagers who had voted for him; however, on April 7 Xu was stripped of his party membership by the Yintan Town Communist Party after doing just that- disclosing his individual holdings in response to a request made by villagers that government officials reveal their property to the public. Xu reports he was also punished for refusing to carry out the local government’s decision to appropriate land belonging to the villagers. Xu, who posted his holdings online as well as an article explaining his decision, reports that 7 or 8 men have been stationed at his home around the clock since April 17, keeping watch on him at home and following him whenever he leaves. (CHRD)[xiv]
Persecution of Petitioners
Husband and wife Criminally Detained for Petitioning about Forced Demolition
According to his father, Yu Jianlong (余建龙) was taken from his Changsha home by the Kaifu District PSB and criminally detained on suspicion of “assembling a crowd to disrupt social order” on the afternoon of April 8. Yu’s wife, Cheng Genlian (盛根莲), was criminally detained for the same crime on April 10. The couple are now detained in the Changsha City Detention Center. Yu and Cheng began petitioning after the house they shared with Yu’s parents and six other family members was forcibly demolished on April 2, 2008, despite the fact that the family had a court hearing scheduled for April 28 to discuss compensation for their home. According to Yu’s father, Cheng was detained by interceptors and forcibly returned home from Beijing during the annual session of the NPC and the CPPCC in March 2009, though Yu did not travel with her to the capital to petition on that occasion. (CHRD)[xv]
Torture and Other Cruel and Inhumane Treatment
Pregnant Woman Suffers Miscarriage after Being Pushed by Government Official
A crowd of hundreds gathered as a Zhao Na (赵娜) and her family protested outside of the Housing Administration offices in Baoding City, Hebei Province, on April 16. According to Zhao, she had travelled to the Housing Administration to handle some business on March 12 when she got into an argument with a staff member who was rude to her. The staff member pushed Zhao, who was pregnant at the time, to the ground, and she later suffered a miscarriage. A call to the Baoding Housing Administration on the afternoon of the 16th was answered by an official who said the police had already intervened to stop the protest. (CRLW)[xvi]
RTL Detainee Tortured for Fifteen Days
CHRD learned on April 13 that Dong Shuyan (董树燕), of Daqinq City, Heilongjiang Province, was tortured at Harbin Women’s RTL camp over a period of fifteen days, leaving her with serious injuries. On March 19, Dong got into an argument with a medical worker at the RTL camp clinic over the bill for her examination, and as a result, four or five police and guards at the camp took Dong to an office on the 5th floor of a camp building and began beating her, dragging her down a flight of stairs to the 4th floor. The guards then demanded Dong sign a statement saying she had attacked them by surprise. When Dong refused, the guards handcuffed her to the top of a bunk bed in a position known as “high hanging”, where her feet could not reach the floor. Dong was left to hang for five days, until March 24, at which point she was forced to sit on a “tiger bench” for ten days. (CHRD)[xvii]
Citizens’ Actions
CRLW Launches New Site Devoted to Laid-Off Teachers
As part of its work to draw attention to the struggles of laid-off community-run (minban) schoolteachers in the year 2009, Civil Rights and Livelihood Watch announced on April 16 the launch of a new website, Laid-off Teachers’ Rights Defense Online (下岗教师维权网). The address for the site, which plans to publish articles, news reports, and publicize cases involving laid-off teachers, is http://xiagangjiaoshi.xtreemhost.com/weiquan/1.html. (CRLW)[xviii]
Wuhan “Most Excellent” Shop Owner Continues to Resist Forced Demolition
CRLW learned on April 16 that Gao Honglian (高红莲), the so-called “most excellent” shop owner (in reference to the “most excellent nail house”, a household in Chongqing that held out against forced demolition from 2005-2007 and became a wildly popular story thanks to the work of citizen journalists) is being kept under surveillance by as many as 10 hired thugs as she seeks to defend her store against forced demolition and prevent her property rights from being violated. Gao, who has hung a number of banners invoking her rights as well as a Chinese flag on her property, reports that all she asks is proper compensation, but that the government has refused to make her a reasonable offer. Gao has been resisting the demolition of her shop since last year, and her case has made national headlines. (CRLW)[xix]
Hundreds Protest Forced Demolition in Changchun City
On April 17, between 200 and 300 villagers from Xinglong Village and other villages in Xixin Town, Luyuan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province gathered at the Luyuan District government offices to protest the forced demolition of their homes to make way for the building of a high-speed railway between Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, and Dalian City, Liaoning Province. Another 40 to 50 villages traveled to Beijing to petition. The villagers, who have been protesting since 2008, are demanding fair compensation for their property. (CRLW)[xx]
Taxi Driver Strike in Yueyang Latest in Pattern of Protests Nationwide
Nearly 1000 taxi drivers went on strike April 15 in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, over fees as high as 6000 RMB per month imposed on them by the companies for which they work. This strike follows other large-scale work stoppages by taxi drivers in Chongqing, Sanya City in Hainan Province, Shouzhou City in Shanxi Province, and other locations, leading experts to call for an end to the current government-controlled system of taxi management, which they say places an undue burden on drivers as successive layers of businessmen and officials seek to make as much money as possible from their labor. (CHRD)[xxi]
Thousands Strike in Chongqing, Blockade Street
Beginning on April 13, a group of more than 300 workers blocked off Fuqing Street in Fuling District, Chongqing, as part of ongoing protests as their employer, the Jindi Company, faces government-led reorganization after declaring bankruptcy. Between 4,000 and 5,000 workers at the Jindi factory are currently on strike, with crowds of thousands gathering in front of the factory gates to demonstrate in addition to the group blockading Fuqing Street. Strikers complain that their concerns about compensation are not being treated seriously by the working group tasked with carrying out the reorganization. So far, police have allowed the demonstrations to continue without interference. (CHRD)[xxii]
Laid-Off Workers from Xian Plant Protest Withheld Settlement Pay
On the morning of April 16, a group of between 200 and 300 laid-off workers from the Hongqi cement plant in Xian, Shaanxi Province gathered outside the Shaanxi Provincial Government offices to petition again in hopes of obtaining settlement pay due to them after the plant’s bankruptcy in July 2008. The group unfurled a banner and chanted slogans, but did not succeed in getting officials to attend to their case. A negotiating session between the workers and plant and government officials on February 10, 2009, ended in violence as a group of hired thugs burst into the deadlocked meeting and attacked a number of female workers. (CHRD)[xxiii]
Law and Policy Watch
Compensation for Individuals Suffering Infringement of Rights Raised to 111.99 RMB per Day
According to an April 10 Legal Daily report, the Supreme People’s Court Compensation Committee has requested that people’s courts at each level, when hearing compensation cases, raise the standard of payments to individuals whose right to liberty have been infringed upon to 111.99 RMB per day, a raise of 12.68 RMB from the previous year’s amount. According to Article 26 of the National Compensation Law, “individuals whose right to liberty has been infringed upon, shall receive compensatory damages for each day in an amount equal to the average daily wage of workers in the previous year.” These regulations still do not include any compensation for the psychological damages suffered by individuals who are deprived of their personal freedom. (Legal Daily)[xxiv]
Zhejiang Considers Draft Law Amending Residence Permit Regulations
People’s Daily reported on April 10 that a draft of the amended “Zhejiang Province Transient Population Residence Registration Regulations” has been submitted to the Zhejiang Provincial People’s Congress Standing Committee for deliberation. According to the draft law, Zhejiang Province will begin issuing provisional residence permits to individuals who migrate to Zhejiang. Individuals who plan to live in one place for more than 30 days are required to apply for a provisional permit with the police or other responsible government organ within 10 days of arrival. Unlike the temporary residence permits currently in use, the provisional permits will allow citizens holding them to enjoy all of the benefits granted to holders of resident identification cards in the areas where they live. (Legal Daily)[xxv]
Supreme People’s Procuratorate Reports 15 Improper Deaths in Detention This Year
According to the Procuratorate Daily, on April 17 the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security held a teleconference to discuss improvements in the work of procuratorate officials stationed in detention facilities. The public prosecutors, who are sent to prisons and detention facilities to oversee and inspect the work of prison management, were also tasked with making themselves available to detainees who wished to file reports of mistreatment by the National Human Rights Action Plan. PSB officials vowed to have all necessary preparations made for the new inspection facilities and equipment to be in place and operational by September 30. This renewed focus on inmate abuse comes on the heels of a report by the Procuratorate which records 15 deaths in detention facilities across 12 provinces so far in 2009, demonstrating the extent to which inmate abuse and violence in detention facilities remains a widespread and systemic problem. (Procuratorate Daily) [xxvi]
New Detention Center Regulations Target Violence among Detainees
Legal Daily reported on April 17 that the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the “National Detention Center Management Law Enforcement Special Examination Activities Plan”, a program designed to target violence in prisons by instituting a series of inspections, including physical examinations of detainees. The plan seeks to target detainees who attack and beat other detainees, often at the urging of guards or officials. While central government officials seem determined to stem the rising tide of violence in detention facilities, it remains to be seen whether the regulations will have any effect at the local level, as institutionalized violence remains commonplace in detention centers across the country. (Legal Daily)[xxvii]
Central Committee and State Council Offices Issue Articles Encouraging Reception of Petitions
On April 15, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CCP and the General Office of the State Council issued three articles, “Opinions on Setting a Fixed Date for Leading Cadres to Receive Petitions from the People” and “Opinions on Central Authorities and State Organs Organizing Cadres to Visit the People,” together with “Opinions on Systematizing the Work of Arranging, Investigating, and Resolving Contradictions and Disputes”. The first outlines requirements for cadres at different levels to receive and resolve petitions from citizens, either one day per month (for party secretaries at the county, city, or administrative regional levels) or one day every 3 months, for other leading cadres. The second encourages cadres to set a fixed date to conduct fact-finding missions and other means of getting in touch with the people to address concerns or to perform research on conditions in that cadre’s area. While agreeable in principle, it remains to be seen whether these new additions to list of regulations surrounding the troubled Letters and Visits system will have any positive effect. (Legal Daily)[xxviii]
CHRD Statements
On April 20, CHRD issued a statement offering our assessment of China’s First National Human Rights Action Plan, promulgated on April 13. In it, CHRD evaluates the Action Plan in light of a series of recommendations put forward by CHRD in November, 2008. CHRD finds that, while the creation and promulgation of the plan marks an important step forward in the government’s attitude towards human rights, it is seriously lacking in concrete details and fails to address many of the most pressing human
[i]“Five Activists from Five Different Locations Summoned Within Two Days (两日内中国五地异议人士频遭传唤)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416114022_14962.html.
[ii] “Du Guang: A Record of Being Investigated for Joining Internet Awards Ceremony (杜光：参加网络公民颁奖会受盘查小记)”, April 22, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class7/200904/20090422000900_15070.html
[iii]“One-Year Memorial Gathering For Shaanxi’s Dang Zhiguo Broken Up by National Security Officers (陕西党治国先生去世周年纪念会被国保阻止)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418123212_15000.html
[iv]“Activist Ren Shangyan Detained at Harbin Women’s RTL Camp (维权人士任尚燕被关押在哈尔滨女子劳教所中), April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415153820_14942.html.
[v]” Sichuan Activist Liu Zhengyou Summoned for 7 Hours for Exposing Police Social Security Scandal (四川维权人士刘正有因揭露当地政府强迫失地农民加入社保被警方传唤7小时)”, April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415204317_14946.html
[vi]“Hubei Laid-off Teachers Intercepted ahead of Wuhan Meeting, Returned Home (湖北省被辞退民办教师到武汉开会被接送回家)”, April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415200822_14947.html
[vii]“Recent Rights-Defense Activities of Hubei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan Community-run School Teachers (近期湖北、山东、江苏、河南民师维权动态)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418091606_14989.html.
[viii]“Sichuan Democratic Figure Li Zhuo Released from Prison (四川民主党重要成员李卓获释出狱)”, April 18, 2009.https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418124322_15001.html
[ix]“Famous Sichuan Independent Elected Official Zeng Jianyu Released (中国四川著名独立候选人曾健余提前出狱)”, April 19, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090419000539_15013.html.
[x] “Democratic Activist Zhu Yufu Released; In Poor Health (民运老将朱虞夫先生出狱 身体欠佳)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/Class40/200904/20090418193524_15004.html
[xi] “Guo Yongfeng Seized while Visiting Friend in Beijing (郭永丰北京访友被抓)”, April 7, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090407170258_14760.html.
[xii] “Liu Shasha: A Record (刘沙沙：传单记)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200904/20090418112927_14997.html
[xiii] “Chengdu Easter Service Banned; Wang Yi and Five Others Summoned ( 成都复活节敬拜会被取缔 王怡等六人被传唤)”, April 13, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090413123826_14896.html
[xiv]“First Village Official to Publicly Disclose Property in China Faces Threats (中国第一个公布财产的”村官”面临危险)”, April 19, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090419232549_15024.html
[xv]“Changsha Husband and Wife Criminally Detained for Petitioning about Forced Demolition (长沙一对夫妇因遭强拆上访而被刑拘), April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416134749_14968.html
[xvi]” Baoding Government Official Pushes Pregnant Woman, Who Suffers Miscarriage; Citizens Protest (保定政府人员推倒孕妇至胎死腹中引发市民不满)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416175728_14970.html
[xvii]“Harbin Women’s RTL Camp Tortures Detainee (哈尔滨女子劳教所对劳教人员实施酷刑)”, April 13, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090413220635_14903.html
[xviii]“CRLW Laid-Off Teachers’ Rights Defense Online Launches (民生观察下岗教师维权网开通)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416113028_14961.html
[xix]“Wuhan City ‘Most Excellent’ Shopowner Gao Hongmeng Resists Forced Demolition (武汉市”最牛”副食店房主高红莲抵抗强拆), April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416234040_14978.html
[xx]“Hundreds of Villagers from Luyuan District, Changchun City Protest at Government Offices over Forced Demolition (长春市绿园区数百村民因征地拆迁集会于政府)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418002708_14987.html.
[xxi] “Systematic Corruption at Heart of Repeated Taxi Drivers’ Collective Strikes (出租车群体性罢工事件频仍根本问题在于制度性腐败)”, April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415132904_14940.html
[xxii]“Fuling Workers Blockade for Six Days; Working Group Refuses to Budge (涪陵工潮持续四天 工作组绝不对工人让步)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416234510_14966.html
[xxiii]“Hongqi Cement Plant Laid-off Workers Demand Settlement Pay (陕西红旗水泥制品厂下岗职工要求支付安置费)”, April 17, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090417105419_14969.html
[xxiv] “Supreme Court: Compensation for Individuals Denied Personal Freedom Raised to 111.99 Yuan ( 最高法：侵犯公民人身自由日赔偿金提高到111.99元)”, April 10, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/10/content_1069997.htm.
[xxv] “Zhejiang Transient Population Hopes to Bid Farewell Temporary Residence Permits; Draft Law Submitted to People’s Congress for Deliberation (浙江流动人口有望告别暂住证 相关草案提交浙江人大审议)”, April 9, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/09/content_1067047.htm.
[xxvi] “Supreme People’s Procuratorate: 15 Improper Deaths Already This Year in Detention (最高检：今年接到在押者非正常死亡报告15人)”, April 19, 2009. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2009-04-19/013515488787s.shtml
[xxvii]“Supreme People’s Procuratorate and Public Security Ministry Launch Specialized Inspection Activities; ‘Prison Bosses’ Targeted ( 最高检公安部:开展看守所专项检查活动 排查牢头狱霸)”April 18, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/18/content_1078863.htm.
[xxviii] “Central Committee of the CCP General Office and State Council General Office Ask Leading Cadres to Set Fixed Date for Receiving Petitions (中办国办要求领导干部定期接待来访),” April 15, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/15/content_1076590.htm.
[1]”Five Activists from Five Different Locations Summoned Within Two Days (两日内中国五地异议人士频遭传唤)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416114022_14962.html.
[1] “Du Guang: A Record of Being Investigated for Joining Internet Awards Ceremony (杜光：参加网络公民颁奖会受盘查小记)”, April 22, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class7/200904/20090422000900_15070.html
[1]”One-Year Memorial Gathering For Shaanxi’s Dang Zhiguo Broken Up by National Security Officers (陕西党治国先生去世周年纪念会被国保阻止)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418123212_15000.html
[1]”Activist Ren Shangyan Detained at Harbin Women’s RTL Camp (维权人士任尚燕被关押在哈尔滨女子劳教所中), April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415153820_14942.html.
[1]” Sichuan Activist Liu Zhengyou Summoned for 7 Hours for Exposing Police Social Security Scandal (四川维权人士刘正有因揭露当地政府强迫失地农民加入社保被警方传唤7小时)”, April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415204317_14946.html
[1]”Hubei Laid-off Teachers Intercepted ahead of Wuhan Meeting, Returned Home (湖北省被辞退民办教师到武汉开会被接送回家)”, April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415200822_14947.html
[1]”Recent Rights-Defense Activities of Hubei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan Community-run School Teachers (近期湖北、山东、江苏、河南民师维权动态)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418091606_14989.html.
[1]”Sichuan Democratic Figure Li Zhuo Released from Prison (四川民主党重要成员李卓获释出狱)”, April 18, 2009.https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418124322_15001.html
[1]”Famous Sichuan Independent Elected Official Zeng Jianyu Released (中国四川著名独立候选人曾健余提前出狱)”, April 19, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090419000539_15013.html.
[1] “Democratic Activist Zhu Yufu Released; In Poor Health (民运老将朱虞夫先生出狱 身体欠佳)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/Class40/200904/20090418193524_15004.html
[1] “Guo Yongfeng Seized while Visiting Friend in Beijing (郭永丰北京访友被抓)”, April 7, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090407170258_14760.html.
[1] “Liu Shasha: A Record (刘沙沙：传单记)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200904/20090418112927_14997.html
[1] “Chengdu Easter Service Banned; Wang Yi and Five Others Summoned ( 成都复活节敬拜会被取缔 王怡等六人被传唤)”, April 13, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090413123826_14896.html
[1]”First Village Official to Publicly Disclose Property in China Faces Threats (中国第一个公布财产的”村官”面临危险)”, April 19, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090419232549_15024.html
[1]”Changsha Husband and Wife Criminally Detained for Petitioning about Forced Demolition (长沙一对夫妇因遭强拆上访而被刑拘), April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416134749_14968.html
[1]” Baoding Government Official Pushes Pregnant Woman, Who Suffers Miscarriage; Citizens Protest (保定政府人员推倒孕妇至胎死腹中引发市民不满)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416175728_14970.html
[1]”Harbin Women’s RTL Camp Tortures Detainee (哈尔滨女子劳教所对劳教人员实施酷刑)”, April 13, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090413220635_14903.html
[1]”CRLW Laid-Off Teachers’ Rights Defense Online Launches (民生观察下岗教师维权网开通)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416113028_14961.html
[1]”Wuhan City ‘Most Excellent’ Shopowner Gao Hongmeng Resists Forced Demolition (武汉市”最牛”副食店房主高红莲抵抗强拆), April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416234040_14978.html
[1]”Hundreds of Villagers from Luyuan District, Changchun City Protest at Government Offices over Forced Demolition (长春市绿园区数百村民因征地拆迁集会于政府)”, April 18, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090418002708_14987.html.
[1] “Systematic Corruption at Heart of Repeated Taxi Drivers’ Collective Strikes (出租车群体性罢工事件频仍根本问题在于制度性腐败)”, April 15, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090415132904_14940.html
[1]”Fuling Workers Blockade for Six Days; Working Group Refuses to Budge (涪陵工潮持续四天 工作组绝不对工人让步)”, April 16, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090416234510_14966.html
[1]”Hongqi Cement Plant Laid-off Workers Demand Settlement Pay (陕西红旗水泥制品厂下岗职工要求支付安置费)”, April 17, 2009. https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200904/20090417105419_14969.html
[1] “Supreme Court: Compensation for Individuals Denied Personal Freedom Raised to 111.99 Yuan ( 最高法：侵犯公民人身自由日赔偿金提高到111.99元)”, April 10, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/10/content_1069997.htm.
[1] “Zhejiang Transient Population Hopes to Bid Farewell Temporary Residence Permits; Draft Law Submitted to People’s Congress for Deliberation (浙江流动人口有望告别暂住证 相关草案提交浙江人大审议)”, April 9, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/09/content_1067047.htm.
[1] “Supreme People’s Procuratorate: 15 Improper Deaths Already This Year in Detention (最高检：今年接到在押者非正常死亡报告15人)”, April 19, 2009. http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2009-04-19/013515488787s.shtml
[1]”Supreme People’s Procuratorate and Public Security Ministry Launch Specialized Inspection Activities; ‘Prison Bosses’ Targeted ( 最高检公安部:开展看守所专项检查活动 排查牢头狱霸)”April 18, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/18/content_1078863.htm.
[1] “Central Committee of the CCP General Office and State Council General Office Ask Leading Cadres to Set Fixed Date for Receiving Petitions (中办国办要求领导干部定期接待来访),” April 15, 2009. http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-04/15/content_1076590.htm.