China Human Rights Briefing June 1-7, 2009
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Reporting human rights development from the grassroots
June 1-7, 2009
HIGHLIGHTS
- · As feared, at least twenty Beijing lawyers have not had their licenses renewed after officials pressured their employers to “fail” them during their annual performance review, which concluded on May 31. It is believed that the lawyers are being punished for defending “sensitive” human rights cases and for advocating direct elections for the leadership of the Beijing Lawyers’ Association.
- · CHRD has documented the cases of over seventy activists who were subjected to harassment from officials in order to prevent them from organizing or taking part in activities commemorating the Tiananmen Massacre. These individuals were taken into police custody, had their movements restricted, were forced to leave their homes, or otherwise threatened or monitored by police. While most of the individuals detained have been released, two remain in police custody. And though some restrictions in place for the date have been relaxed, with some websites re-opening, some activists report continued surveillance and pressure from officials.
Contents
Countdown to June 4. 2
Updates on Individuals Detained Ahead of the 20th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre. 2
More Individuals Detained or Harassed During the 20th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre. 3
Wuhan Petitioner Hu Guohong Once Again Detained in Psychiatric Institution. 3
Chinese Activists Publish Open Letter Protesting Restrictions in Place before June 4. 4
Freedom of Expression. 4
Charter 08 Signatory Criminally Detained on Suspicion of “Inciting Subversion of State Power”. 4
Volunteer Investigated for Reporting on Human Rights. 4
Persecution of Activists. 5
Licenses of 20 Human Rights Lawyers Not Renewed after Deadline. 5
Chongqing Activist Chen Yang Beaten, Detained on Eve of June 4th. 5
Three in Chongqing Detained by Police for “Disrupting Work Unit Order”. 5
Shanxi Activist Summoned, Prevented from Leaving the Country. 5
Olympics Protestor Sent to Prison. 6
Persecution of Petitioners. 6
Petitioners Detained for Petitioning outside of UN Agency in Beijing. 6
Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment. 6
Zhejiang Villagers Beaten during Meeting with Officials on Forced Land Appropriation. 6
Petitioner Beaten Inside Ministry of Public Security Letters and Visits Office. 7
Housing Rights. 7
Widespread Violence, Intimidation in Forced Demolition of Chengdu Neighborhood. 7
Citizens’ Actions. 7
Over One Hundred Protest in Hubei over Medical Dispute. 7
Large Protest in Nanyang Following Death of Man Beaten by Hired Thugs. 8
Activists across the Country Commemorate June 4. 8
Law and Policy Watch. 8
One Year In, Little Improvement in Lawyers’ Rights, Legal Daily Says. 8
State Council, Central Committee of CCP Issue Notice Targeting Village Election Misconduct. 9
Countdown to June 4
Updates on Individuals Detained Ahead of the 20th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre
- All of the individuals who were reported as being taken into police custody in CHRD’s press release issued June 4 (Police Detain and Harass Activists on Eve of Tiananmen Anniversary) have since been released, with two exceptions. Wu Gaoxing (吴高兴) remains in police detention in Zhejiang Province. Hu Guohong (胡国红) is currently incarcerated in a psychiatric institution in Hubei Province (see below for details). (CRLW)[1]
- Beijing-based human rights lawyer Tang Jitian (唐吉田) was released on June 7 after having been illegally and secretly detained for three days at two Beijing inns. (CHRD) [2]
- Guo Yongfeng (郭永丰), democratic activist and organizer of the Citizens’ Association for Government Oversight (公民监政会), was taken away from his home on June 2 and released on June 6. (CHRD)[3]
More Individuals Detained or Harassed During the 20th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre
The following individuals were subjected to detention or harassment by police in the days leading up to the 20th anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre but were not included in CHRD’s earlier list (Police Detain and Harass Activists on Eve of Tiananmen Anniversary):
- Lu Yang (鲁扬), freelance writer and poet, was summoned and interrogated for a number of hours on June 3 by the National Security Police of Pingyang County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The police also searched his home and copied all the files from Lu’s computer. (CHRD)[4]
- Hangzhou democratic activist Wei Shuishan (未水山) was seized by Hangzhou police on May 28 and questioned before being sent to a one-week “educational class”, a type of black jail. He was released on June 5. Wei had recently published articles online that were critical of the government and the Tiananmen Massacre, including “China’s Unique Dictatorship”, “The Butchers of 89 Must Be Punished”, “Battle China’s Corrupt Officials”, and others. (CHRD)[5]
- Tang Jingling (唐荆陵), a Guangdong human rights lawyer, was taken away from his home on June 3 by the National Security Police of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau (PSB). Tang was released on June 6. (CRLW)[6]
- Veteran Beijing petitioners Li Shuxia (李淑霞) and Zhang Shufeng (张淑凤) have been subjected to “soft detention” at home by Beijing authorities since June 3. Li, from Dahanzhuang Village, Mulin Town, Shunyi District, Beijing, has been watched by nine men hired by the local police stations of Dahuanzhuang Village and Mulin Town. It is unclear whether Li and Zhang have been released. (CRLW)[7]
- According to a June 3 CRLW report, other individuals subjected to soft detention in Wuhan city include veteran petitioner Zou Guilan (邹桂兰) and China Democracy Party member Jiang Hansheng (姜汉生). Another Wuhan resident, veteran petitioner Xiao Changhai (肖昌海), was taken away from the city for a “tourist trip” by the police. (CRLW)[8]
Wuhan Petitioner Hu Guohong Once Again Detained in Psychiatric Institution
Around 9 in the evening on May 31, Xincun Neighborhood, Jiangan District, Wuhan City petitioner Hu Guohong (胡国红) and his wife Cheng Xue (程雪) were kidnapped off the street by a group of more than 10 individuals. According to an eyewitness, the kidnappers included Political Legal Committee (政法委) Secretary Le Guoan (乐国安), members of the Jiangan Vehicle Factory, Hu’s work unit, Xincun neighborhood committee officials, and Xincun PSB officers. Cheng was taken to the Xincun Neighborhood PSB station and questioned for around 2 hours before being released, while Hu was once again detained in a psychiatric hospital. Hu was last held in a psychiatric hospital between March 2 and March 16 to prevent him from petitioning during the annual sessions of the National People’s Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. According to Cheng, officials told her that her husband was once again “sick” and had to be hospitalized; they said that he would be released after June 4th. However, as of June 8th, Hu remained detained in a psychiatric institution. Cheng remains under “soft detention” at her home in Wuhan and has been told that she will be released on June 10. (CRLW)[9]
Chinese Activists Publish Open Letter Protesting Restrictions in Place before June 4
On June 1, dozens of intellectuals, activists, and dissidents subjected to harassment and restrictions on their movement published an open letter online entitled “A United Action to Oppose ‘Soft Detention’, Oppose ‘Control’: Letter of Appeal to the World”. Besides denouncing the actions taken by local government officials in cracking down on individuals ahead of June 4, the letter calls on diplomats and members of foreign media stationed in China to closely follow the Chinese government’s infringements upon human rights and support mainland Chinese citizens seeking to defend their rights and commemorate the anniversary of the Tiananmen Massacre. The complete text of the letter (in Chinese) and a list of signatories are available here. (CHRD)[10]
Freedom of Expression
Charter 08 Signatory Criminally Detained on Suspicion of “Inciting Subversion of State Power”
27-year-old Charter 08 signatory Zhang Huaiyang (张怀阳), of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, was criminally detained by local Public Security Bureau officers on May 28. According to the detention notification delivered to Zhang’s family on May 29, Zhang is being criminally detained on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power”, though the length of detention was not specified. According to the family, they were also asked to provide 500 RMB to police, though it was not clear why this money was needed. The reasons for Zhang’s detention are currently unclear, though it is thought to be related to an article Zhang published on Boxun.com in late April commemorating June 4th. (CHRD)[11]
Volunteer Investigated for Reporting on Human Rights
On June 6, Civil Rights and Livelihood Watch (CRLW), a Hubei-based human rights organization, released a statement detailing the harassment of one of its volunteers for reporting on the situation of petitioners being incarcerated in psychiatric institutions in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province. Individuals interviewed by the volunteer Li Xiangyang (李向阳, aka Wei Min [魏敏]) reported having been interrogated by Tengzhou police and officials, who asked them for information about Li. On June 6, CRLW obtained a document issued by the Tengzhou City government, which accused CRLW of being a “Falun Gong website”. Moreover, the document included a handwritten order by the Party Secretary of Tengzhou City, Wang Zhonglin (王忠林), to “prevent slander and attacks by illegal websites”. On June 7, Li was asked to go out for a “chat” with officials from the Propaganda Department of Tengzhou City. (CRLW)[12]
Persecution of Activists
Licenses of 20 Human Rights Lawyers Not Renewed after Deadline
At least twenty lawyers have not had their licenses to practice law renewed by the judicial authorities following the conclusion of their annual review on May 31. The lawyers include: Li Heping (李和平), Li Xiongbing (黎雄兵), Li Chunfu (李春富), Wang Yajun (王雅军), Cheng Hai (程海), Tang Jitian (唐吉田), Yang Huimin (杨慧文), Tong Chaoping (童朝平), Xie Yanyi (谢燕益), Li Dunyong (李敦勇), Wen Haibo (温海波), Liu Wei (刘巍), Zhang Lihui (张立辉), Li Jinglin (李静林), Zhang Chengmao (张成茂), Wei Rujiu (魏汝久), Zhang Xingshui (张星水), Wei Liangyue (韦良玥), Yang Zaixin (杨在新) and Sun Wenbing (孙文冰). It is believed that these human rights lawyers have been punished for taking ‘sensitive’ human rights cases and for pressing for direct election of the leadership of the government-controlled Beijing Lawyers Association. Though the lawyers may re-apply for licenses next year, they will have to do so under heavy restrictions, and demonstrate that they will not “make trouble” for the authorities. Without a lawyer’s license, these lawyers cannot practice law or work in a law firm. (CHRD)[13]
Chongqing Activist Chen Yang Beaten, Detained on Eve of June 4th
On June 3, Chongqing activist and Charter 08 signatory Chen Yang (陈杨) was taken away by police and beaten while at Jiulongpo District’s Xiejiawan police station before being sent to Jiulongpo Detenter Center. According to Chen’s roommate Zhang Renning (张仁宁), the police then went to Chen’s home and confiscated two computers belonging to Chen. Zhang, who followed police back to the station, was not permitted to see Chen. Police did not provide Chen’s family with a detention warrant, nor did they produce a search warrant when searching his home. (CHRD)[14]
Three in Chongqing Detained by Police for “Disrupting Work Unit Order”
In the predawn hours of June 2, Pengshui County, Chongqing Municipality activists Liang Mingyuan (梁明远), Huang Xiaogang (黄小刚), and Luo Jianfei (罗建飞) were summoned by officers from the Law and Order Corps under the Pengshui County Public Security Bureau. While all three were summoned for “disrupting the order of a working unit” and taken from their homes, Liang’s apartment was also searched and police confiscated his computer. The three have not yet been released. Liang, Huang, and Luo, all previously employed as workers for the county grain authorities, lost their jobs in 1999 when the industry became privatized and have since been defending their and their fellow workers’ rights (seeking benefits and compensation since being laid off) with the county grain authorities as well as exposing corruption among the management of the authorities. (CHRD)[15]
Shanxi Activist Summoned, Prevented from Leaving the Country
On the morning of June 5, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province activist and Charter 08 signatory Deng Taiqing (邓太清) was preparing to travel to Hong Kong to meet a friend when he was unexpectedly summoned by the Taiyuan PSB, who also confiscated his passport, Hong Kong and Macau travel permit, and a number of manuscripts and books. Deng was taken by four officers to the Yingze police station and questioned for 11 hours. He was also warned not to leave the country before National Day on October 1. According to the summons notice provided by police, Deng was summoned on suspicion of “illegal internet activities”, though Deng states that, during the questioning, police seemed to primarily be interested in the motivation behind his trip to Hong Kong. (CHRD)[16]
Olympics Protestor Sent to Prison
CHRD learned on June 6 that Ji Sizun (纪斯尊), the protestor detained for applying to protest in the “Protest Zones” during the Beijing Olympics and later sentenced to three years’ imprisonment for “forging documents and seals of national agencies” on January 7, 2009, has been sent to Wuyishan Prison in Fujian Province to serve his sentence. He had been held in Fuzhou City No.2 Detention Center while appealing his conviction, which was upheld on May 4. (CHRD)[17]
Persecution of Petitioners
Petitioners Detained for Petitioning outside of UN Agency in Beijing
On June 3, several hundred citizens had gathered to petition outside of the United Nations High Commissioners for Refugees (UNHCR) in Beijing when police arrived, dispersing the crowd and taking a number of petitioners into custody. The UNHCR has become a popular petitioning spot in recent years, as petitioners try to attract the attention of the international community in place of officials at the Letters and Visits Offices, who fail to address their complaints.
One petitioner detained on June 3 was Yang Yimei (杨一美), of Changchun City, Jilin Province. Yang was first detained at Sanlitun Police Station in Beijing and later transferred to the Beijing Liaison Office of the Changchun City Government. On June 5, Yang was forcibly returned to Changchun where she was detained at the Zhengyang Police Station under the Luyuan District PSB. Yang has reportedly escaped from the police station, but her whereabouts are currently unknown. Yang has been petitioning for years because of a dispute with the Civil Aviation Administration of China, where Yang’s father worked, over his pensions and other retirement arrangements. (CRLW)[18]
Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment
Zhejiang Villagers Beaten during Meeting with Officials on Forced Land Appropriation
On June 4, over a hundred villagers in Xiaosanpan Village, Dongtou County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province visited members of their village committee to discuss issues related to the official appropriation of their land. When the gathered villagers noticed that the village secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) had left unnoticed, one of them, Zhang Aiyue (张爱月), declared that she was going to give the secretary a call. The head of the village committee of the All-China Federation of Women then pushed Zhang and started beating her. One villager, Mr. Ye (叶), tried to stop the village official, but he in turn was assaulted by the head of the village committee, Mr. Zhang (张). Mr. Ye was hit on his face as well as kicked in his stomach. (CRLW)[19]
Petitioner Beaten Inside Ministry of Public Security Letters and Visits Office
On June 2, Nanjing petitioner Li Chunsheng (李春生) was attacked and beaten by police officers inside the reception area of the Ministry of Public Security Letters and Visits Office in Beijing after he and his wife unfurled a banner in hopes of attracting attention to their case. Dozens of petitioners who witnessed the attack signed a document protesting Li’s treatment at the hands of police. (CRLW)[20]
Housing Rights
Widespread Violence, Intimidation in Forced Demolition of Chengdu Neighborhood
About 3,000 residents of Shuijinfang District, an old area in the heart of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province have been subjected to violence and intimidation in recent days as the local government seeks to force them to sign documents agreeing to the demolition of their homes. Many are unwilling to sign, saying they were initially guaranteed a stake in the redevelopment plans by the government and promised they would be allowed to stay in the area after it was redeveloped, but later the government changed this to a requirement that they move away and allow their homes to be demolished by developers. Residents also feel that the compensation they are being offered for their homes is inadequate.
According to a resident surnamed Chen (陈), on May 30, a group of about ten young men locked him and his family in their home. One man slapped his face and then threatened to beat Chen’s family if he did not agree to the demolition. Chen also reported that on May 27, three members of a family were beaten so severely they required hospitalization. Chen also notes that individuals associated with developers have threatened customers in stores and restaurants and generally made life difficult for residents of the neighborhood. Another resident, Ms. Li (李), reports that she and her family have been beaten on a number of occasions, and she believes that members of six or seven households have been hospitalized following attacks. Residents have reported the beatings to the local police and the government but nothing has been done to protect them or hold individuals accountable for the beating. (CHRD)[21]
Citizens’ Actions
Over One Hundred Protest in Hubei over Medical Dispute
On June 2, over a hundred people gathered outside of government offices in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province, to protest against Jiangxia Hospital and Qianjiang City Ministry of Health. The protestors are family members of Hu Ziqing (胡子芹), a 12-year-old student who fell into a coma during a surgery at Jiangxia Hospital to remove nasal polyps. Hu is still in a coma but Jiangxia Hospital has refused to pay for further treatment. Hu’s family has staged three protests, one in front of the hospital on May 31 and two in front of the city government on June 1 and 2. According to Yao Lifa (姚立法), a local human rights activist, the three-day demonstration is one of the largest seen in Qianjiang City in recent years. (CHRD)[22]
Large Protest in Nanyang Following Death of Man Beaten by Hired Thugs
On June 2, a crowd of between 400 and 500 people gathered in Nanyang City, Henan Province, to protest the death of Liang Zuchen (梁祖臣), who died after being beaten by thugs hired by the Songshan District Administrative Station, a group akin to a Neighborhood Committee. The protest, led by family members of Liang’s, took place outside of the Petroleum Prospecting Department, as Liang was a retired oilfield worker. On May 21, a group of 7 or 8 thugs arrived in his neighborhood to “clean up” the area, and a dispute broke out over a piece of coal the men took away from Liang. Liang was attacked by the group and pushed down, striking his head and falling into a coma from which he never recovered. He was sixty-two years old. (CRLW)[23]
Activists across the Country Commemorate June 4
In spite of overwhelming government pressure and restrictive measures documented by CHRD in the days before June 4, activists, dissidents, and citizens across China managed, undaunted, to commemorate the Tiananmen Massacre in a variety of ways:
- Sichuan activists and Charter 08 signatories Chen Wei (陈卫), Liu Xianbin (刘贤斌), Ouyang Yi (欧阳懿), and Li Yu (李宇), along with Beijing human rights defender Wang Debang (王德邦) wore white clothes, the traditional color of mourning, and went on a one-day hunger strike while restricted to their homes. (CHRD)[24]
- In Beijing, a group of independent writers and dissidents, including Jiang Qisheng (江棋生), Gao Hongming (高洪明), Li Hai (李海), Zhao Xin (赵昕), Zha Jianguo (查建国), Qian Yumin (钱玉民), Xu Yonghai (徐永海), Gu Jianying (贾建英), Tian Yongde (田勇德), and others met at a local hotel in mid-May to commemorate the Tiananmen Massacre. Though members of the group were under “soft detention” on June 4, they managed to post a picture of the gathering online. (CHRD)[25]
Law and Policy Watch
One Year In, Little Improvement in Lawyers’ Rights, Legal Daily Says
In a report one year after the implementation of the revised Lawyer’s Law, Legal Daily reported on June 4 that lawyers still faced significant problems in meeting clients, accessing court documents, and investigating cases and collecting evidence, the “three difficulties” the revised law was designed to address. A survey conducted by “Justice Net” (正义网) found that 60% of netizens believed there had been “no improvement” in lawyers’ ability to defend their clients, while only 8% believed there had been a “clear improvement”. Professor Chen Ruihua (陈瑞华) pointed out that the root of the problem remained the system of administration of justice, and that without institutional reform, lawyers would never be guaranteed of the rights stipulated in the Lawyer’s Law. For further evidence of the failure of the Lawyer’s Law to defend lawyers, see CHRD’s reporting on the loss of lawyer’s licenses by more than 20 human rights lawyers this month. (Legal Daily)[26]
State Council, Central Committee of CCP Issue Notice Targeting Village Election Misconduct
On May 30, the General Office of the State Council and the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China jointly issued a notice targeting bribery and other illegal activities among candidates for election in village committee elections. At the present, there are 604,000 village committees in rural China, with more than 2.3 million democratically-elected village committee members. The notice called for local governments to increase oversight of the elections, punish those found to violate the law and investigate reports brought by villagers of election irregularities or illegal behavior. While actions to target bribery and intimidation in village elections are welcomed, the addition of increased government oversight does little to address the many underlying problems of village elections, many of which stem from this government control in the first place. (Legal Daily)[27]
Editors: Wang Songlian and David Smalls
| Chinese Human Rights Defenders (CHRD) is a non-political, non-governmental network of grassroots and international activists promoting human rights and empowering grassroots activism in China. CHRD’s objective is to support human rights activists in China, monitor human rights developments, and assist victims of human rights abuses. CHRD advocates approaches that are non-violent and based on rule of law. CHRD conducts research, provides information, organizes training, supports a program of small grants to human rights activists and researchers, and offers legal assistance.
Chinese Human Rights Briefing (CHRB) is a weekly newsletter that gives up-to-date information on China’s human rights developments. Our information originates from Chinese human rights defenders and groups at the grassroots. CHRD is responsible for all information published in CHRB. CHRB does not report news first appearing in the media, but refers to media sources in the endnotes for readers interested in more information. Please feel free to use CHRD information, and please attribute it to CHRD when you do so. To unsubscribe, please “Reply” to this mail with “unsubscribe” in the “Subject” line. |
[1] “Several Hundreds of Petitioners Petition at the UN High Commissioners for Refugees; Yang Yimei Taken into Custody; Many Wuhan Petitioners Monitored <数百访民难民署上访杨一美被抓 武汉众访民被监控>”, May 3, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090603172006_15704.html
[2] “One of the First Batch of Charter 08 Signatories, Lawyer Tang Jitian Released <《零八宪章》首批签署人唐吉田律师被 放回家中>”, June 7, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090607235049_15762.html
[3] “Citizens’ Assocation for Government Oversight Organizer Guo Yongfeng Detained Four Days Due to June Fourth <公民监证会筹备人郭永丰因为六四被监禁4天>”, June 7, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090607020708_15757.html
[4] “Charter 08 signatory Lu Yang Summoned before ‘June Fourth’; Wife Fired from Job <《零八宪章》签署人鲁扬“六四”前被传唤妻子工作被辞退>”, May 7, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090607003018_15756.html
[5] “Hangzhou Democratic Activist Wei Shuishan Forced to Attend One-week ‘Study Class'(杭州民主人士未水山被强制进学习班一个星期)”, June 6, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090606214311_15754.html
[6] “Human Rights Lawyer Tang Jingling Taken Away, Yang Yimei and Other Petitioners Detained and Monitored <维权律师唐荆陵被带走 杨一美等访民被拘留监控>”, June 5, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090605233822_15751.html
[7] “Rights Lawyer Tang Jingling Taken away; Petitioners such as Yang Yimei Detained and Monitored <维权律师唐荆陵被带走 杨一美等访民被拘留监控>”, June 5, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090605233822_15751.html
[8] “Several Hundreds of Petitioners Petition at the UN High Commissioners for Refugees; Yang Yimei Taken into Custody; Many Wuhan Petitioners Monitored <数百访民难民署上访杨一美被抓 武汉众访民被监控>”, May 3, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090603172006_15704.html
[9] “Wuhan Psychiatric Hospital Victim Hu Guohong Kidnapped off the Street Prior to June 4 (武汉精神病院受难者胡国红因六四被当 街绑架)”, May 31, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200905/20090531231053_15664.html
[10] “A United Action to Oppose ‘Soft Detention’, Oppose ‘Control’: Letter of Appeal to the World (反软禁反监控联合大行动全球呼吁书)”, June 1, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class71/200906/20090601105754_15663.html
[11] “Charter 08 Signatory Zhang Huaiyang Criminally Detained (《零八宪章》签署人张怀阳被刑事拘留)”, June 1, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200906/20090601222800_15670.html
[12] “CRLW’s Statement Regarding the Opinion of the Tengzhou City Party Secretary and the Investigation of Teacher Li Xiangyang <民生观察对滕州市委书记批示及李向阳老师被追查的声明>”, June 6, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090606003552_15739.html
[13] “18 Mainland Chinese Human Rights Lawyers Licenses Not Renewed After Annual Review (中国大陆18名维权律师执业资格年考受阻), June 1, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090601015103_15658.html
[14] “Charter 08 Signatory Chen Yang Detained and Beaten on Eve of June 4 (《零八宪章》签署人陈杨64前夕被抓并被殴打)”, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090605004127_15729.html
[15] “Three Pengshui County, Chongqing Activists Taken Away by Police (重庆彭水县三名维权人士被警方抓走)”, June 2, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090602182703_15689.html
[16] “Shanxi ‘Charter 08’ Signatory Deng Taiqing Illegally Summoned, Prevented from Leaving the Country (山西《零八宪章》签署人邓太清遭非法传唤并被限制出境)”, June 6, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090606012658_15741.html
[17] CHRD, “Fujian Barefoot Lawyer Ji Sizun Sent by the Authorities to Wuyishan Prison <福建赤脚律师纪斯尊被当局押送武夷山 监狱>”, June 6, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090606142359_15752.html
[18] “Rights Lawyer Tang Jingling Taken away; Petitioners such as Yang Yimei Detained and Monitored <维权律师唐荆陵被带走 杨一美等访民被拘留监控>”, June 5, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090605233822_15751.html; CRLW, “Several Hundreds of Petitioners Petition at the UN High Commissioners for Refugees; Yang Yimei Taken into Custody; Many Wuhan Petitioners Monitored <数百访民难民署上访杨一美被抓 武汉众访民被监控>”, May 3, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090603172006_15704.html
[19] “Over a Hundred Villagers in Xiaosanpan Village in Zhejiang Province Seek Explanation from the Village Committee; Some Beaten <浙江小三盘百余村民村委委讨说法遭殴打>”, June 4, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090604230555_15731.html
[20] “Nanjing Petitioner Li Chunsheng Beaten in Ministry of Public Security Letters and Visits Office Reception Room(公安部信访接待室前南京访民李春生遭殴打)”, June 2, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200906/20090602230314_15695.html
[21] “Bloody Forced Demolitions in Shuijingfang District, Chengdu, Sichuan; Many Beaten and Hospitalized (四川成都水井坊区血腥强拆，多人被殴打住院)”, June 1, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/qzcq/200906/20090601011853_15656.html
[22] CHRD, “Large Scale Protest in Qianjiang City, Hubei Province, over Medical Dispute <湖北省潜江市因医疗纠纷引发大规模的 抗议>”, June 3, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090603163412_15703.html
[23] “Nanyang, Henan Oilfield Rough ‘Law Enforcement’ Leads to the Death of Retired Worker; Protest Erupt(河南南阳油田粗暴“执法”致死老职工引发抗议)”, June 2, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200906/20090602171016_15686.html
[24] “Chen Wei, Liu Xianbin and Others Wear White, Go on Hunger Strike to Commemorate June Fourth Incident (陈卫 刘贤斌等白衣绝食纪念六四事件)”, June 4, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090604163641_15721.html
[25] “Beijing Independent Writers and Dissidents Hold Activity to Commemorate the Twentieth Anniversary of June 4 (北京部分独立作家和异议人士纪念六四20周年活动)”, June 4, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/liusi/200906/20090604113023_15714.html
[26] “New Lawyer’s Law ‘Annual Review’- Lawyers’ Rights Advancing with Difficulty (新律师法“年检”——律师权利在艰难中稳步向前)”, June 4, 2009, http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-06/04/content_1100229.htm
[27] “Central Committee, State Council Issue ‘Notice’ Standardizing Village Committee Elections; Strictly Investigate Bribery (中办国办印发《通知》规范村委会选举 严查贿选行为)”, May 31, 2009, http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-05/31/content_1097220.htm