China Human Rights Briefing October 26-November 2, 2010

November 10, 2010       Comments Off on China Human Rights Briefing October 26-November 2, 2010

China Human Rights Briefing Weekly

October 26-November 2, 2010

Highlights

  • Elected Fujian Village Director Sentenced to 11 Years for Leading Fight Against Land Grabs: This week, the Jinjiang City Intermediate People’s Court in Fujian Province sentenced successful businessman-turned-village director Lü Jiangbo (吕江波) to 11 years in prison on six charges, including “obstructing official business,” “extortion” and “undermining elections.” Lü, who was elected director of Keren Village on three consecutive occasions since 2003, had organized residents of the village to defend their land rights in the face of illegal land requisition by local government officials.
  • First Citizen Criminally Detained as Post-Nobel Government Crackdown Intensifies: CHRD continued to receive reports this week indicating that police are increasing their pressure on Chinese activists, dissidents, and supporters of Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波) more than three weeks after he was awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize. On November 2, CHRD learned that Yunnan Province engineer Guo Xianliang (郭贤良) was criminally detained by police in Guangzhou on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power” for distributing flyers about Liu and the Nobel Prize. CHRD believes this to be the first case of a Chinese citizen being criminally detained in relation to Liu’s Nobel Prize.
  • Two Important Rights Cases Heard by Chinese Courts This Week: In Hefei City, Anhui Province, the Yaohai District People’s Court heard a lawsuit brought by a group of seven small business owners against the Hefei City Planning Department, alleging that their properties were demolished without the provision of proper arrangements or compensation. Meanwhile, in Jinan City, Shandong Province, the Tianqiao District People’s Court held a third hearing of the lawsuit brought by Li Hongwei (李红卫) challenging her illegal detention in a black jail. Both cases, and Li’s in particular, are of a type rarely accepted by the courts, and have attracted attention domestically. To date, no verdict has been issued in either case.
Contents

Updates on Post-Nobel Harassment of Activists

Guo Xianliang, Yunnan Engineer, Becomes First Citizen Criminally Detained for Spreading News of Nobel Prize

CHRD learned on November 2 that Yunnan Province engineer Guo Xianliang (郭贤良) was criminally detained by police in Guangzhou on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power” for distributing flyers about Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波) and the Nobel Peace Prize on the street and in public parks in Guangzhou. CHRD believes this to be the first case of a Chinese citizen being criminally detained in relation to Liu’s Nobel Prize. According to friends, Guo, who was visiting Guangzhou, went missing on the evening of October 28, and on November 2, his wife Yang Di (杨娣) received a phone call from a Guangzhou police officer informing her of her husband’s detention. Guo has written extensively on democratic reforms, and is known online by the name Tianshan Jushi (天山居士). (CHRD)[i]

Guangzhou Police Summon Writer Ye Du, Search His Home

On the afternoon of November 2, Independent Chinese PEN member Ye Du (野渡) was summoned for questioning by police in Guangzhou. Reportedly, police asked about flyers being distributed in Guangzhou related to Liu Xiaobo’s Nobel Peace Prize and told Ye Du that they believed that he was the organizer. Ye Du was released after approximately four hours. A short time later, however, police arrived to search his home, confiscating two computers, books, CD-ROMs, and other materials. (CHRD)[ii]

Beijing Dissident Li Hai Missing, Feared Detained

Beijing dissident Li Hai (李海), who was seized at the Beijing house church Shengshan Research Institute by police on October 30, remains missing. Li last spoke with friends on the evening of October 30, when he complained of the pressure police in Beijing were putting on activists and dissidents in the wake of Liu Xiaobo’s Nobel Prize win.

The house church organizes a meeting every Sunday, and on October 30, its main organizer Fan Yafeng (范亚峰) was forcibly taken away by Beijing police and held in a hotel between 9am and 6pm, while other participants were questioned and roughly handled by the police. (CHRD)[iii]

Beijing Filmmaker Hua Ze Kidnapped, Forced to Leave Beijing

On October 27, documentary filmmaker and human rights activist Hua Ze (华泽, known online as Linghun Piaoxiang [灵魂飘香]) was hooded and kidnapped in Beijing. She was taken to an unknown location on the outskirts of the city and held for three days. On October 30, she was forced onto a train departing Beijing. Hua has been sent back to her hometown in Jiangxi Province and is currently under “soft detention.” (CHRD)[iv]

Hubei Elections Expert Yao Lifa Returns Home Following 12 Days of Detention

Qianjiang City, Hubei Province-based activist Yao Lifa (姚立法) returned home on October 30 following 12 days of detention in various hotels in Hubei. Yao was held by staff members of the elementary school where he is employed, who are reportedly acting under the instructions of the Qianjiang Education Bureau, and no police were present during his detention. Yao’s detention is believed to have been related not only to heightened controls on prominent activists around the country, but also to an upcoming festival honoring the late playwright Cao Yu (曹禺), who was born in Qianjiang. Qianjiang authorities are worried that there might be protests during the festival. (CHRD)[v]

Writer Mo Zhixu Forcibly Returned to Sichuan Province, Held Under Guard in Leshan City

CHRD learned on October 31 that Beijing writer Mo Zhixu (莫之许) was forcibly returned to his native province of Sichuan from Hangzhou City, where he was visiting friends, on October 30. Reportedly, Mo is being held under guard by two police officers in a hotel in a rural area outside of Leshan City, Sichuan. (CHRD)[vi]

Ill Wife of Writer Yu Jie Prevented from Seeking Medical Treatment

Beijing author and activist Yu Jie (余杰), who is under “soft detention” at his home, reported on October 27 that his wife, who is ill and running a fever, was prevented from seeking treatment at a local hospital by National Security officers guarding them. According to Yu, officers told him and his wife that, based on “orders from above,” they would not be allowed to leave their home under any condition. After Yu wrote about his situation on Twitter, his Twitter followers called emergency medical services to come to Yu’s wife’s assistance. National Security officers ultimately relented and allowed her and a doctor to travel to the hospital accompanied by police. Yu was not permitted to leave. (CHRD)[vii]

CHRD Issues Statement Condemning Growing Crackdown, Documents Additional Cases of Harassment

CHRD has issued a statement (in Chinese) condemning the Chinese government’s growing crackdown on civil society; the full text is available at http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010271839.shtml. Additionally, in recent days CHRD has documented the following cases of harassment:

  • On the morning of October 29, Anhui dissident Hou Wenbao (侯文豹) was seized by police while visiting friends in Hefei City. At the time of writing, Hou was being forcibly returned to his hometown of Suzhou by National Security officers; it is not currently known what conditions he will face upon his arrival. (CHRD)[viii]
  • On the afternoon of October 29, National Security officers from Beijing and Shanxi Province arrived at the Beijing home of activist Zhang Hui (张辉), founder of the NGO Mr. Democracy Research Institute. The officers demanded that Zhang leave Beijing, which Zhang steadfastly refused to do. As of the time of writing, Zhang remains in Beijing, but reports that officers plan to return October 30 to continue “negotiations.”[ix]
  • Also on the afternoon of October 29, Beijing human rights defender Wang Lihong (王荔蕻) was questioned by police about an article she had written and posted online recounting her experience being detained and interrogated for celebrating the news that Liu Xiaobo had been awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize. Wang remains under tight police surveillance.[x]
  • On October 28, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province-based husband-and-wife activists Hua Chunhui (华春辉) and Wang Yi (王译) were seized by local police; as of October 29, they remain in detention. Friends and fellow activists had gathered on the 28th with Wang to celebrate Hua’s birthday and the couple’s recent marriage; when they arrived at Hua’s home, the group discovered the door to his apartment was open and Hua was missing. Police at the scene took Wang into detention, and the two have yet to regain contact with the outside world.[xi]
  • CHRD learned on October 27 that activists and dissidents Qi Zhiyong (齐志勇), Cha Jianguo (查建国), Gao Hongming (高洪明), Xu Yonghai (徐永海), and Zhang Jiankang (张鉴康) have been subjected to police surveillance or placed under “soft detention.” [xii]
  • In the early morning hours of October 26, Chongqing netizen Mou Yanxi (牟彦希) was taken from her home by police and interrogated after she posted a message to her Twitter account saying she would carry a banner congratulating Liu during the anti-Japan protest in the municipality. A group of netizens gathered outside the police station in Chongqing to closely follow and report on Mou’s detention; Mou was released that evening after more than 16 hours of questioning.[xiii]
  • Beijing policemen have stationed outside of the homes of lawyer Li Fangping (李方平) and activist Li Zhiying (李智英) to monitor them and to restrict their movements since October 8.[xiv]
  • On October 22, CHRD reported on the kidnapping of bookstore owner and scholar Liu Suli (刘苏里) outside of his home in Beijing. We have since learned that Liu sustained a fractured vertebra in his lower back after being roughly handled by police and has been hospitalized for treatment. His wife reports she is unsure when he will be able to leave the hospital. (CHRD)[xv]

For an updated list of all instances of police harassment, surveillance, or detention related to Liu Xiaobo’s Nobel Peace Prize, please see our website at https://www.nchrd.org/2010/10/14/chinese-reactions-to-liu-xiaobo%E2%80%99s-nobel-peace-prize-from-both-sides/

Arbitrary Detention

Heavy Sentence for Elected Fujian Village Director, Leader in Fight against Illegal Land Expropriation

On October 28, Jinjiang City Intermediate People’s Court in Fujian Province sentenced successful businessman-turned-village director Lü Jiangbo (吕江波) to 11 years in prison. Originally detained on suspicion of “obstructing official business,” Lü was later convicted on five additional charges, ranging from “extortion” to “undermining elections.” Eight other villagers have also been convicted and given various sentences in the same trial. CHRD believes the decision comes as retaliation for Lü’s efforts to organize residents of Keren Village, Jinjiang City, to defend their land rights. (CHRD)[xvi]

Beijing Artist Wu Yuren to Be Tried on November 17 for “Obstructing Official Business”

CHRD learned on November 2 that Beijing artist Wu Yuren (吴玉仁), organizer of a bold February protest down Beijing’s Chang’an Avenue to draw attention to the forced demolition of the 008 Arts District, will be tried on November 17 for “obstructing official business.” The court informed Wu’s lawyer, Li Fangping (李方平), that because the courtroom is “too small,” they will only allow one person in addition to Li into the courtroom. Wu was detained on June 1 after accompanying fellow artist Yang Licai (杨立才) to the police station to report the theft of a generator, and was allegedly beaten by police while in detention. Wu’s trial will take place at the Wenyuhe Courthouse in Beijing’s Chaoyang District. (CHRD)[xvii]

Third Hearing in Landmark Lawsuit Challenging Detention in Black Jail

On October 30, the Tianqiao District People’s Court in Jinan City, Shandong Province held a third hearing of the lawsuit brought by Li Hongwei (李红卫) challenging her illegal detention in a black jail. Li had originally filed the suit against Jinan’s Lixia District Government but was pressured by the court to change the defendant to the Lixia District Letters and Visits Bureau. The hearing centered around three main issues: first, was Li’s detention illegal, or was she being provided “legal education” as the government claims? Second, is there a legal basis for this “legal education?” And third, can this sort of a case, challenging illegal detention, be heard by the courts? Arguments were presented by both sides; the hearing concluded without a ruling.

Li, who is being represented in court by citizen representative Ni Wenhua (倪文华), was detained for 17 days in a black jail located in Jinan’s Dongyi Guesthouse by Lixia officials in late February and early March 2010. This is one of the first lawsuits brought by a petitioner against the government for illegal detention in a black jail to be accepted and heard in a Chinese court. In 2009, a guard at a Beijing black jail was sentenced to eight years for raping a young woman held in the jail, Li Ruirui (李蕊蕊). However, the court did not address the legality of the detention or the responsibility of the Henan government, which ran the jail. (CHRD)[xviii]

Sichuan Rights Defender Li Xianfen Given Suspended Sentence in “Fraud” Case

On October 29, Zigong City, Sichuan Province rights defender Li Xianfen (李显芬) returned home after being given a sentence of two and half years, suspended for four years, for “fraud.” She had been in detention since July of this year. Li, a 61-year old farmer, is known locally as “female Liu Zhengyou (刘正有)” not only because she was given the same trumped-up charge, but also for her efforts to assist local farmers seek the return of compensatory funds for expropriated land which were embezzled by corrupt officials. Activist Liu Zhengyou, also from Zigong City, was convicted of “fraud” on August 20 in a separate case and sentenced to two years in prison. (CHRD)[xix]

Police in Shanghai Mark Close of Expo by Seizing, Detaining Petitioners

As the Shanghai Expo drew to a close over the weekend, police in Shanghai detained a number of petitioners who were seized near the site. For example, on October 30, petitioners Zhou Shiquan (周世泉), Lü Jianxing (陆建兴) and Fan Yanying (范艳英) were stopped while en route to the Expo and taken into custody by police. They were each subsequently given 30 days of criminal detention. Petitioner Mao Juhua (毛菊华) was seized the same day and taken to a local black jail; it is not clear whether or not Mao remains in detention at the time of writing. Ma Yalian (马亚莲) was seized on the 29th; her whereabouts remain unknown. Others, such as Shen Peilan (沈佩兰) and Jin Yuehua (金月花), were prevented from leaving their homes by police. (CHRD)[xx]

Group of Shanghai Petitioners Seized outside of Expo, Nine Given 30 Days of Detention

A group of thirteen Shanghai petitioners – Wang Zhihua (王志华), Wang Chengqi (王承起), Xu Jinfang (徐金芳), Yang Jinlin (杨金林), Lu Fuzhong (陆福忠), Wu Ruyun (吴如云), Wu Yuqing (吴育青), Zhang Xiuqin (张秀琴), Shen Dinggao (沈定高), and four others – were seized near the site of the Shanghai Expo on October 27. Nine of the petitioners were given thirty days of criminal detention for “disrupting social order” and are currently being held at the Zhangjiang Detention Center in Shanghai’s Pudong District. The other four were released on bail to await trial. (CHRD)[xxi]

Tainted Milk Victims Advocate Zhao Lianhai Still Awaiting Verdict Nearly Six Months after Trial

On October 22, lawyer Li Fangping (李方平) visited detained Beijing activist Zhao Lianhai (赵连海), founder of the group Kidney Stone Babies (结石宝宝). Zhao, tried in a closed court on the charge of “creating a disturbance” on March 30, 2010, is still awaiting a verdict. He has not seen his family since he was taken into detention in November 2009. Kidney Stone Babies is a group dedicated to advocating for families such as Zhao’s whose children became ill after drinking tainted milk, and it is believed that Zhao’s detention is related to his outspoken activism on behalf of these victims. (CHRD)[xxii]

Shanghai Petitioners Held in Black Jail on Outskirts of City

CHRD learned on October 26 that Zhan Rongmei (詹荣妹) and nine other petitioners are being held in a black jail in Songjiang District, on the outskirts of Shanghai. Zhan reports that she and the other detainees are not being permitted to purchase warmer clothes, despite rapidly falling temperatures. Zhan was seized on October 16, but reports some of the other petitioners have been detained since September 30. Zhan and her fellow detainees are all residents of Shanghai’s Zhabei District who have been seeking justice after their homes were forcibly demolished. (CHRD)[xxiii]

Freedom of Expression

Hunan Newspaper Editors Lose Jobs after Publishing Article Criticizing Qing Court

Liu Jian (刘剑), editor-in-chief of the Hunan Province-based newspaper Xiaoxiang Morning Post, was removed from his position after the paper ran an article criticizing the Qing Imperial Court, CHRD has learned. The article, appeared on October 30 in a special commemorative edition dedicated to the 1911 Revolution, was considered by the authorities to contain veiled criticisms against the current government. Executive editor-in-chief Gong Xiaoyue (龚晓跃) will remain with the paper but will be sent to a department that does not handle content, after “higher authorities” expressed displeasure over the article. The text of the article (in Chinese) is available online at: http://www.minzhuzhongguo.org/Article/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=17082. (CHRD)[xxiv]

Police in Fujian Seize Reporter during Sentencing of Village Chief

On the morning of October 28, police in Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, seized journalist He Huagao (何华高) outside of the Jinjiang Intermediate People’s Court. He, a reporter for the Information Times newspaper, had been taking pictures and reporting on the verdict announcement in the case against Lü Jiangbo (吕江波), a village chief convicted of nine crimes, including “obstructing official business” and “organizing and leading a triad-like organization,” for his work to oppose illegal requisition of 1,200 mu (approximately 200 acres) of village land. At the time of writing, He was detained in a local police station, and reported that officers had confiscated his interviewing equipment, his ID card, and his press card. More information about his situation is not currently available.

Lü was reportedly convicted on six charges and sentenced to 11 and a half years in prison but CHRD has yet to independently confirm the claim. (CHRD)[xxv]

Citizens’ Actions

Artist Ai Weiwei Plans “River Crab Grand Banquet” to Mark Demolition of Studio

With his Shanghai studio facing demolition, Beijing-based artist and activist Ai Weiwei (艾未未) has announced he will hold a “River Crab Grand Banquet” at the studio on November 7. Ai has offered to pay half of the railway tickets for netizens traveling to Shanghai for the event, and plans to serve 10,000 crabs to attendees. An earlier feast organized by Ai and his team in Hangzhou in April 2010 drew more than 200 guests. “River crab” (河蟹) has become a popular term on the Chinese internet because of its similarity to “harmonious” (和谐), a government buzzword in recent years, and things which the government seeks to censor or restrain (such as Ai’s work) are said to have been “harmonized.” In 2007, Ai spent 7.5 million RMB to set up a studio in Shanghai’s Jiading District, in response to the local government’s drive to attract artists to the “painters’ village.” Since then, at least six artists have moved in, but only Ai and a fellow artist recommended by him are facing demolition by the local government. (CHRD)[xxvi]

Forced Demolition and Eviction

Hefei City Court Hears Lawsuit Brought by Victims of Forced Eviction against Government Department

In an unusual move, the Yaohai District People’s Court in Hefei City, Anhui Province, recently accepted a lawsuit filed by a group of seven small business owners against the Hefei City Planning Department , and on the afternoon of October 22, the suit was heard in an open court session. The business owners argued that their properties were demolished without the provision of proper arrangements or compensation; they further argued that the permit which authorized the developers to carry out the demolition was illegitimately granted by local officials. The hearing, which was attended by some 50 other victims of forced eviction from Hefei City, reportedly grew heated as the judge frequently interrupted the plaintiff’s lawyer, Lü Guohua (吕国华). The hearing ended with the presiding judge announcing the court would select a date in the future to announce the verdict. (CHRD)[xxvii]

Law and Policy Watch

Beijing News Editorial Highlights Failure of Court to Bar Confession Extracted Through Torture

On October 22, former Wuhan University Deputy Party Secretary Long Xiaole (龙小乐) was tried for “accepting bribes” in Jingzhou City Intermediate Court. According to Long’s testimony, he was subjected to three days and three nights of continuous interrogation by procuratorate staff, during which time he was beaten and exposed to extreme cold. His “confession,” which was produced as a result of this torture, was still presented in court. During the trial, the prosecution did not dispute Long’s allegations, but rather replied that, though his interrogation was “relatively long,” “the law does not stipulate how long an interrogation may last.”

In a commentary in the Beijing News, columnist Ding Dafan (丁大帆) discussed this case, and noted that, while a continuous interrogation of three days and three nights is not explicitly prohibited by Chinese law, it certainly violates standards as defined by the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Ding also writes that the threshold for prosecution for torture, as defined by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, remains “rather high.” (Beijing News)[xxviii]

The failure of the Jingzhou court to investigate Long’s claims, like the failure of the Supreme People’s Court to overturn Fan Qihang’s (樊奇杭) death sentence after evidence of torture surfaced, offers disheartening evidence that the judicial system in China is failing to implement the recently-released Rules Concerning Questions about Exclusion of Illegal Evidence in Handling Criminal Cases. These rules, which state that evidence obtained through illegal means such as torture must be excluded from criminal proceedings, went into effect on July 1, 2010.

Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress Passes New Social Security Law

The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress voted on October 28 to adopt a social security law designed to prevent the “improper use of social security funds,” according to Xinhua. The law, which is set to take effect on July 1, 2011, also includes new regulations aimed at allowing residents to transfer social security accounts across residences, a nod to increasing mobility among working people in China. (Xinhua)[xxix]

However, CHRD is concerned that the law does not sufficiently address the worry that social security funds might soon be inadequate to meet the needs of the country’s rapidly graying population.

Please follow us on Twitter: @CHRDnet

Editors: David Smalls and Lin Sang

News updates from CHRD

Issues and Cases CHRD Recommends the Committee against Torture Include in its List of Issues for the Chinese Government to Address in its Fifth Periodic Report

[i] “Guo Xianliang Becomes First Person to Be Criminally Detained for Publicizing News of Liu Xiaobo’s Nobel Prize” (郭贤良成为因宣传刘晓波获诺奖被刑拘第一人), November 2, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011022049.shtml.

[ii] “Guangzhou Police Summon Ye Du, Search His Home Because of ‘Liu Xiaobo Flyer'” (野渡因“刘晓波传单”被广州 市公安局传唤、抄家), November 2, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011021958.shtml.

[iii] “Beijing Dissident Li Hai Missing After Being Seized by Police” (北京异议人士李海被警察带走后失踪), November 1, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011011026.shtml.

[iv] “Special Alert: Citizen Journalist Hua Ze Hooded and Kidnapped” (特别关注：公民记者华泽被戴黑头套绑架), October 30, 2010, http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010301442.shtml.

[v] “Elections Expert Yao Lifa Regains Freedom after 12 Days of ‘Soft Detention'” (选举专家姚立法被软禁十二天后获 得自由), October 30, 2010, http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010302322.shtml.

[vi] “Independent Writer Mo Zhixu Held in Leshan Rural ‘Resort'” (独立作家莫之许被控制在乐山农家乐), October 31, 2010, http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010310945.shtml.

[vii] “Yu Jie Still Under Soft Detention, Ill Wife Prevented from Seeking Treatment at Hospital” (余杰 仍被软禁，其妻生病去医院被阻), October 28, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010282019.shtml

[viii] “Anhui Dissident Hou Wenbao Kidnapped by Police” (安徽异议人士侯文豹遭警方绑架), October 29, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010291129.shtml

[ix] “Shanxi National Security Force Zhang Hui to Leave Beijing; Wang Lihong, Currently Under Soft Detention, Called for Talk with Police” (山西国保欲强制带张辉离京，软禁中的王荔蕻遭警察谈话), October 29, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010291525.shtml

[x] “Shanxi National Security Force Zhang Hui to Leave Beijing; Wang Lihong, Currently Under Soft Detention, Called for Talk with Police” (山西国保欲强制带张辉离京，软禁中的王荔蕻遭警察谈话), October 29, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010291525.shtml

[xi] “Hua Chunhui and Wang Yi of Wuxi, Jiangsu, Detained by Police” (江苏无锡华春辉、王译仍被警方关押未归), October 29, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010291833.shtml

[xii] “CHRD: Sternly Protest the Chinese Governemnt’s Crackdown on Civil Society and Serious Infringement Upon Human Rights Following the Awarding of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo” (维权网：严正抗议中国政府在刘晓波获奖后加强打压民间、严重侵犯人权), October 27, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010271839.shtml

[xiii] “Chongqing’s Mou Yanxi Taken Away for Post Supporting Liu Xiaobo, Many Netizens Travel to Police Station to Inquire about Situation” (重庆牟彦希发贴支持刘晓波被带走，众网友前往派出所关注), October 26, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010261543.shtml

[xiv] “Beijing Activists Li Fangping, Li Zhiying Placed under ‘Soft Detention'” (北京维权人士李方平、李智英遭软禁), October 26, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010261814.shtml

[xv] “All Sages Bookstore General Manager Liu Suli Hospitalized after Being Roughly Handled by National Security Officers” (万圣书园总经理刘苏里被国保野蛮劫持受伤住院), October 26, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010262313.shtml

[xvi] “Heavy Sentence for Elected Fujian Village Director, Leader in Fight against Illegal Land Expropriation,” November 2, 2010, https://www.nchrd.org/2010/11/02/heavy-sentence-for-elected-fujian-village-director-leader-in-fight-against-illegal-land-expropriation/

[xvii] “Chang’an Avenue Protest Organizer Wu Yuren to Be Tried On November 17” (长安街游行组织者吴玉仁一案将于11月17日开庭), November 2, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011022227.shtml.

[xviii] “Third Hearing in Case Brought by Li Hongwei, of Jinan, Against Black Jail” (济南李红卫诉黑监狱一案第三 次开庭(图)), November 1, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011012153.shtml.

[xix] “Zigong Rights-Defending Victim of Land Expropriation Li Xianfen Given Suspended Sentence” (自 贡维权失地农民李显芬被判缓刑(图)), November 1, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011010016.shtml.

[xx] “As Curtain Falls on Shanghai Expo, Many Shanghai Petitioners Again Detained” (世博会闭幕之际，上海又有多位访民被 拘留), October 31, 2010, http://www.peacehall.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010311737.shtml.

[xxi] “Nine Shanghai Petitioners Detained for Visiting Shanghai Expo” (上海9位访民因参观世博会被同时拘留), OCtober 27, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010272339.shtml

[xxii] “Zhao Lianhai in Prolonged Detention, Hopes For Verdict Soon” (赵连海被超期羁押，盼早日宣判), October 26, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010262037.shtml

[xxiii] “Shanghai Petitioner Zhan Rongmei and Nine Others Illegally Detained in Black Jail” (上海访民詹荣妹等10人被非法关押在“黑监狱”), October 26, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010261558.shtml

[xxiv] “Xiaoxiang Morning Post Editor Removed From Post for Publishing Editorial Criticizing Qing Court” (《潇湘晨报》总编因刊登文章批判清廷而被免职), November 2, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011022139.shtml.

[xxv] “Information Times Reporter He Huagao Taken Away by Police outside of Lv Jiangbo Verdict Announcement” (《信息时报》记者何华高在吕江波案宣判法庭外被带往派出所), October 28, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010280922.shtml

[xxvi] “Ai Weiwei Organizes ‘River Crab Grand Banquet’ In Response to Forced Demolition of Shanghai Office” (艾未未组织“河蟹盛宴”应对上海工作室被拆迁), November 2, 2010, http://news.boxun.com/news/gb/china/2010/11/201011020920.shtml.

[xxvii] “Hefei ‘Nailhouse’ Suit Against Planning Department Opens” (合肥“钉子户”状告规划局案开庭), October 24, 2010, http://www.boxun.tv/news/gb/china/2010/10/201010242306.shtml

[xxviii] “Is Three Days and Three Nights of Interrogation Worth of Being Called Torture?” (连审三天三夜算不算刑 讯逼供), October 25, 2010, http://epaper.bjnews.com.cn/html/2010-10/25/content_160895.htm?div=-1

[xxix] Xinhua, “China’s legislature ends bimonthly session, adopting social insurance law,” October 28, 2010, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-10/28/c_13580551.htm .

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