China Human Rights Briefing September 7-27, 2009

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China Human Rights Briefing

Reporting human rights development from the grassroots

September 7-27, 2009

Highlights

  • · The defining theme of the month of September has been the large-scale mobilization of police across the country to “secure” the capital for the upcoming 60th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China on October 1. As the authorities seek to ensure a “harmonious” celebration on National Day, they have systematically targeted dissidents, activists, petitioners, and all other citizens who they fear may be out of line with the officially-approved vision of Chinese society. The actions taken by the Chinese government include:
    • o Shutting down proxy servers, severely limiting the dissemination of and access to information on the Internet
    • o Harassing, threatening, and detaining “sensitive” individuals, both in Beijing and in cities and provinces around the country
    • o Restricting the movement of citizens, whether they are individuals seeking to travel to Beijing or activists invited to attend events outside of the county
  • Authorities have also continued their campaign against human rights lawyers, once again targeting their right to practice law. In the latest case, Guangzhou lawyer Liu Shihui (刘士辉) has had his license suspended for nine months by Guangzhou judicial authorities because he has defended clients in rights-related cases. Liu has already been forced to resign from his law firm. Twenty lawyers have lost their licenses since last May. Judicial authorities responsible for revoking or suspending the licenses have done so to retaliate against these lawyers, who, like Liu, have been involved in “sensitive” cases, representing clients whose crimes consisted of exercising their freedoms of religion, expression, assembly, association, or political participation.

Contents

Freedom of Expression. 3

Authorities Increase Restrictions on Internet Usage Ahead of 60th Anniversary Celebrations. 3

Authorities Once Again Extend “Investigation Period” for Detained Writer Liu Xiaobo. 3

Inner Mongolia Man Sentenced to Prison for Critical Posting. 4

Liaoning Dissident Sent to RTL for Articles on June 4, Taiwan. 4

Arbitrary Detention. 4

Authorities Clamp Down on Dissent, Activism Ahead of Anniversary. 4

Shenzhen Activist Guo Yongfeng Disappears on Eve of Hearing. 4

Sichuan Activist Wang Chengming Administratively Detained. 4

Parents of Milk Scandal Victims Detained Following Meeting. 5

Human Rights Defenders Prevented from Attending Training on UN Mechanisms in Geneva. 5

Harassment of Petitioners. 5

Petitioners Detained, Harassed in Buildup to National Day. 5

Zhejiang Petitioners Detained to Prevent Meeting with Officials Sent to Hear Petitions Locally. 6

Hunan Petitioner Detained in Psychiatric Institution for Four Years. 6

Veteran Formally Arrested While Petitioning in Beijing. 7

Harassment of Activists. 7

License of Guangdong Human Rights Lawyer Suspended for Nine Months. 7

Elections Expert Yao Lifa Summoned over Protests in Hubei 7

Guangdong Activist Zou Yijun Asked to Leave Beijing Home. 7

Wife of Hunan Democracy Activist Threatened by Police. 8

Retired Shandong University Professor Sun Wenguang Threatened. 8

Torture and Other Cruel, Unusual and Inhumane Treatment. 8

Sichuan Rights Defender Continues to Suffer Discrimination for Activism.. 8

Still No Response from Officials to Application for Medical Release for Fan Yanqiong. 8

Henan Petitioners Kidnapped, Mistreated in Detention. 9

Citizens’ Actions. 9

Large Groups of Farmers Blockade Government Offices in Hubei 9

Petitioners Protest outside Supreme People’s Procuratorate. 9

Relatives of Handicapped Children Protest in Beijing. 9

Law and Policy Watch. 10

Ningxia Legislature Considers Law Regulating Court Settlements in Criminal Cases. 10

Civil, Environmental Rigths to Receive Increased Legal Protection. 10

Henan Courts Experiment with Expanding Lawyers’ Rights to Collect Information for Cases. 10

Freedom of Expression

Authorities Increase Restrictions on Internet Usage Ahead of 60th Anniversary Celebrations

Beginning on September 8, activists and netizens across China have reported that they have been unable to use the proxy servers Freegate (自由门), Wu Jie (无界), Garden Networks (花园网), and TOR to access websites based outside of China. These popular services have been used successfully in the past to circumvent internet censorship and reach sites otherwise blocked by internet authorities (the “Great Firewall”), and have been critical to the free dissemination of and access to information.[i]

The restrictions are in place across the country, affecting web users in languages other than Mandarin, as well. CHRD learned on September 23 that three Mongolian-language websites hosted in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region- Menggu Ge’er (蒙古格尔), Mengguren Liaotianshi (蒙古人聊天室), and Menggu Renminwang (蒙古人民网站)- have been blocked in the buildup to National Day. According to activists in the region, the sites have been closed because they touched on “sensitive political topics”.[ii]

In other cases, websites have been blocked but the actors responsible for the interruption of service are not known. Beginning September 19, hackers attacked the website Rights Defense China (维权中国网, http://www.wqzgw.com), shutting it down for an extended period of time. The site has since returned to service.[iii]

Authorities Once Again Extend “Investigation Period” for Detained Writer Liu Xiaobo

On September 23, Ding Xikui (丁锡奎), lawyer for detained Beijing writer and intellectual Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波), was informed by Beijing police that the “investigation period” for his client was being extended by an additional two months. Requests by Ding to meet with Liu following his receipt of the news have been ignored, as Ding has been told that the officer responsible for handling Liu’s case is “away”. According to the Criminal Procedural Law (CPL), after a suspect is formally arrested, the police have a maximum of seven months to investigate the case (CPL Articles 124, 126 and 127). The police must then either release the suspect or transfer her or his case to the Procuratorate for prosecution. Liu was formally arrested on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power” on June 23, 2009, and the investigation period of his case was originally extended one month, on August 24. (CHRD)[iv]

Inner Mongolia Man Sentenced to Prison for Critical Posting

On September 16, Wu Baoquan (吴保全), an unemployed worker from Wuhai City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, was convicted of “defamation” by Dongshen District People’s Court in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia. He was sentenced to one year and six months in prison. On September 7, 2007, Wu wrote a post online in which he criticized Ordos Municipal Party Secretary Yun Feng (云峰); Wu was formally arrested on June 4, 2008, and tried in September of that year. (CHRD)[v]

Liaoning Dissident Sent to RTL for Articles on June 4, Taiwan

CHRD learned on September 13 that 38 year-old Shenyang City, Liaoning Province dissident and activist Sun Fuquan (孙福全) was sent to one year and nine months of Re-education through Labor (RTL) in April 2009 by the Shenyang RTL Management Committee for “posting articles on foreign websites and supporting the Taiwan independence movement”. Sun’s career as an activist began in 2007, when he started assisting veterans in their quest to obtain better treatment from the government. He was detained by police after posting an article online calling for a rectification of the government’s position on the June 4 massacre ahead of the 20th anniversary of the tragedy this year. (CHRD)[vi]

Arbitrary Detention

Authorities Clamp Down on Dissent, Activism Ahead of Anniversary

Across the country, dozens of activists and dissidents have been forced to leave their homes, subjected to “soft detention”[1] (软禁) or otherwise threatened or monitored by police as officials prepare for the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. For a list of cases compiled by activists affiliated with CHRD, please see our September 30 press release, Chinese Government Tightens the Screws Ahead of National Day.

Shenzhen Activist Guo Yongfeng Disappears on Eve of Hearing

Guo Yongfeng (郭永丰), Shenzhen democracy activist and organizer of the Citizens’ Association for Government Oversight (公民监政会), learned on September 17 that a Shenzhen court had accepted his lawsuit against the Public Order Branch of the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Bureau (PSB). The case, which was set to be heard on September 29, concerned Guo’s administrative detention from April 25 to May 9 of this year on charges that he held illegal activities with an unregistered social organization. However, shortly after September 17, Guo’s friends and fellow activists lost touch with him. It is believed that he is being detained by local authorities, and that his detention may be related to the October 1 anniversary. (CHRD)[vii]

Sichuan Activist Wang Chengming Administratively Detained

On September 8, Sichuan activist Wang Chengming (枉成明), a member of both the GNU club (an online social network where members discuss issues of political reform and constitutional democracy) and the Citizens’ Association for Government Oversight (公民监政会) was sent to 15 days of administrative detention in Luzhou City, Sichuan, for operating a motorbike without a license. Wang was stopped by traffic police in Luzhou and fined 1000 RMB for driving without a license; unable to pay the fine, Wang was then administratively detained. The fact that traffic police were unable to tell Wang the regulation which stipulated his fine, and clear instructions by the motorbike vendor that a license was not required to operate the bike, along with Wang’s history of suffering harassment in the past, has led some to believe Wang was once again being targeted by local officials for his activism. (CHRD)[viii]

Parents of Milk Scandal Victims Detained Following Meeting

On September 11, seven members of the website “Jieshi Baobao” (www.jieshibaobao.com), an information clearinghouse and discussion forum dedicated to victims of the tainted milk scandal, met at the home of the site’s founder, Zhao Lianhai (赵连海). After leaving the next morning, three of the members- Guo Caihong (郭彩虹) and Zhou Jinzhong (周金钟), from Henan, and Xiang Qingyu (相庆玉), from Jiangsu- were surrounded by plainclothes police officers and detained. Their current situations are unknown. September 11, 2009 marks the one-year anniversary of the nationwide recall of Sanlu milk powder, shortly after the scandal was first reported. (CHRD)[ix]

Human Rights Defenders Prevented from Attending Training on UN Mechanisms in Geneva

For the fourth consecutive year, Chinese officials have prevented Chinese human rights activists from leaving the country to attend a training program on the UN Human Rights mechanisms organized by the International Service for Human Rights (ISHR), a Geneva-based organization. In early September, a journalist and 2 rights activists all separately encountered official interference as they prepared to leave the country.

Harassment of Petitioners

Petitioners Detained, Harassed in Buildup to National Day

Petitioners were once again the focus of a concerted effort on the part of officials across the country to prevent their presence from being felt in Beijing ahead of National Day activities. In addition to the cases reported in our September 30 press release, Chinese Government Tightens the Screws Ahead of National Day, CHRD has learned of the following cases of petitioners detained, forcibly returned, threatened, or otherwise harassed by the authorities in the past three weeks:

  • On September 6, Shanghai petitioner Zhou Jinmei (周金妹) was seized in Beijing by interceptors from Shanghai and forcibly returned home. Since returning to Shanghai, she has been detained in a black jail (a partially demolished apartment block) on Haifang Street in the city’s Jing’an District.[x]
  • On September 7, 69-year old Heilongjiang petitioner Zhong Mingbi (钟明碧) was stopped at the Harbin train station and prevented from traveling to Beijing. Her whereabouts are currently unknown.[xi]
  • Since September 8, Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province petitioner Li Jingzhi (李景芝), her handicapped husband, and her son Li Yan (李岩) have been placed under house arrest, and are currently being kept under surveillance by seven or eight policemen to prevent them from travelling to Beijing. Li Yan, who was seriously injured in a December 2006 traffic accident, has been petitioning along with his parents for rectification of a police ruling regarding the accident since 2006.[xii]
  • On the afternoon of September 14, Jiang’an District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province petitioner Huang Pofan (黄猷凡) was kidnapped outside of Beijing’s South Train Station by unidentified individuals. She was then forcibly returned to Wuhan, where she was detained in a black jail.[xiii]
  • On September 14, four petitioners from Zigong City, Sichuan Province- Wu Zhaoyu (吴昭玉), Luo Shimo (罗世模), Ceng Xiaofeng (曾孝凤), and Zhang Yuhua (张玉华)- were seized off the street in Beijing by plainclothes police officers and officials from the Beijing Liasion Office of the Zigong City government. They are currently detained in Jiujingzhuang, a black jail in Beijing.[xiv]
  • On September 15, Wang Haizhen (王海珍), the wife of one of the first citizens to report on the Sanlu milk powder scandal, was detained by police for petitioning. After threatening her that they would send her to RTL, police took Wang to a hotel on the outskirts of her hometown, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, where she is currently being kept under “soft detention”.[xv]
  • On September 24, Chongqing petitioner Hou Yuanquan (候远全), who was already being followed and kept under surveillance by local officials, was threatened by local interceptors. Hou was told that, if he attempted to travel to Beijing to petition during National Day, he would be beaten.[xvi]

Zhejiang Petitioners Detained to Prevent Meeting with Officials Sent to Hear Petitions Locally

On September 8, a working group from the CCP Central Committee Political-Legal Committee arrived in Yaozhuang Town, Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province to receive petitions from local villagers. However, four villagers who attempted to meet with the officials- Yang Jianwei (杨建伟), Zhu Yumei (朱玉美), Qiu Xiuying (邱秀英), and Zhu Senliang (朱森良)- found the entrance to the town government offices blocked by uniformed and plainclothes police. Without any explanation, the officers seized the four and detained them for one day, until the upper-level officials had departed. The villages had intended to petition about the forced sale of their homes at an artificially low price to a travel company in 2003. (CHRD)[xvii]

Hunan Petitioner Detained in Psychiatric Institution for Four Years

CHRD learned on September 22 that Xiangxiang City, Hunan Province petitioner Guo Xianghong (郭湘红), daughter of Hunan petitioner Zhu Meijiao (朱美骄), has been detained in Hunan psychiatric hospitals for nearly four years. According to Zhu, she has been petitioning since her home was taken by local officials in May 1992, and her daughter was assisting in her efforts until she was detained in 2006, first in a Xiangtan City psychiatric institution and now in Kangfu Hospital in Loudi City, Hunan. (CRLW)[xviii]

Veteran Formally Arrested While Petitioning in Beijing

Handicapped veteran Chen Fengqiang (陈风强), from Zhuhai, Guangdong, who had been petitioning in Beijing in hopes of securing proper compensation for land taken by the government, was formally arrested on suspicion of “creating a disturbance” on September 16. Chen was originally criminally detained by police from Beijing’s Tianqiao police station, in Chongwen District, for “impairing official business” on June 25, and was held until July 25. After his release on bail, Chen was detained in black jail by police from Zhuhai for five days. On August 15, Chen was taken from his home by Zhuhai police on the pretense that he had not properly reported to police during his bail period, and Chen’s brother reported receiving a message from Chen on August 20 stating he had been taken back to the Tianqiao PSB station. (CHRD)[xix]

Harassment of Activists

License of Guangdong Human Rights Lawyer Suspended for Nine Months

On the afternoon of September 3, Guangzhou human rights lawyer Liu Shihui (刘士辉) received a notice from the Guangzhou Municipal Justice Bureau stating that his license to practice law would be suspended for nine months. Liu Shihui has represented a number of clients in “sensitive” rights-related cases, such as Guo Feixiong (郭飞雄), the Guangdong writer and activist convicted of “illegal business dealings” after being tortured to extract a confession in 2007. In August, Liu’s employer, Guangdong’s Jingguo Law Firm, asked him to resign under pressure from judicial authorities. (CHRD)[xx]

Elections Expert Yao Lifa Summoned over Protests in Hubei

On the afternoon of September 9, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province democracy activist and elections expert Yao Lifa (姚立法) was summoned by the Law and Order Corps of the Qianjiang City PSB. Though officials presented Yao with a summons stating that the reason he was being interrogated was for “disturbing work unit order”, he reported that the questioning focused on a report posted on CHRD’s website which discussed a protest which had blocked the entrance to the PSB offices in Qianjiang. Officials accused Yao of being responsible for the protests, which took place on September 8 and 9 and also blocked the entrance to municipal government offices. Yao was questioned for 19 hours before being released, at which point he was put under strict surveillance by fellow teachers at the elementary school where he teaches. (CHRD)[xxi]

Guangdong Activist Zou Yijun Asked to Leave Beijing Home

Zou Yijun (邹宜均), a Guangdong activist concerned about the rights of those forcibly sent to psychiatric institutions, has been asked to move “immediately” from the apartment she is renting in Beijing. Her landlord reported being pressured “by outside forces” into making the demand of Zou. Zou, a Buddhist monk from Shenzhen, came to Beijing after being detained in a mental institution for more than three months in 2006. A court case brought by Zou and her family against the parties responsible for Zou’s detention was heard in Guangzhou’s Baiyun District People’s Court in March, 2009; the court has yet to issue a verdict. (CHRD)[xxii]

Wife of Hunan Democracy Activist Threatened by Police

On September 14, Furong District, Changsha City police officers called Jin Yan (金焰), the wife of imprisoned Hunan democracy activist Xie Changfa (谢福林) and threatened her against “creating trouble” with the authorities during the period surrounding the 60th anniversary festivities. Jin was told that, if she visited government offices, sent letters to government officials, posted information about Xie’s case online or contacted foreign “hostile elements”, her husband’s sentence would be increased. (CHRD)[xxiii]

Retired Shandong University Professor Sun Wenguang Threatened

Retired Shandong University professor and vocal dissident Sun Wenguang (孙文广), based in Jinan City, reported that on September 16 he received a text message on his personal cell phone threatening that he would be “stabbed”, and “stuffed into an incinerator”. Sun had recently issued a public proposal, on September 10, suggesting that Chinese government leaders cancel plans for the 60th anniversary parade. The identity of the party making the threat against Sun, which was identified in the text message as the “Hong Kong Anti-Traitor Force”, is unknown. Sun has been threatened and attacked in the past, most recently during this past April’s Qingming Festival, when he was beaten by a group of unidentified men while on his way to the local cemetery to commemorate the life of Zhao Ziyang. That case, and this present threat, have been reported to local police, who have not taken any action to protect Professor Sun. (CHRD)[xxiv]

Torture and Other Cruel, Unusual and Inhumane Treatment

Sichuan Rights Defender Continues to Suffer Discrimination for Activism

Zuo Xiaohuan (左晓环), a former professor at Leshan Normal College in Leshan, Sichuan Province, has continued to suffer discrimination from his former employer following his detention in an RTL facility for taking part in rights-defense activities. In the latest instance, Zuo, who is still under strict surveillance by National Security officers from his hometown in Santai County, Sichuan, was denied entrance by the security guards at Leshan Normal College on September 5 and 6, when he had an appointment to speak with school officials about potentially being reinstated at the college. Zuo then left Leshan for Suining City, Sichuan, but on September 15, Zuo was forcibly returned to his hometown by National Security officers. A former volunteer for Tianwang Human Rights Center, Zuo lost his teaching post when he was sent to RTL. (CHRD)[xxv]

Still No Response from Officials to Application for Medical Release for Fan Yanqiong

Officials still have not responded to requests from the lawyer and family members of detained Fujian activist Fan Yanqiong (范燕琼), nearly three weeks since an application for her release on bail for medical treatment was filed by her lawyer on August 31. Fan, who has been detained on suspicion of “making false charges” since late June in association with articles she wrote about the death of Yan Xiaoling (严晓玲), continues to suffer from serious kidney and heart diseases. Her daughter, responding to requests from officials that a family member, rather than Fan’s lawyer, apply for her release for treatment, visited the Mawei PSB in Fuzhou in early September to file the necessary paperwork; however, even this has failed to garner a reply from police. (CHRD)[xxvi]

Henan Petitioners Kidnapped, Mistreated in Detention

In early September, Ruzhou City, Henan Province petitioner Li Mingcui (李明翠) and a fellow petitioner were seized in Beijing by five or six Ruzhou officials and shoved into a waiting vehicle. The pair were returned to Ruzhou, where they were detained for two days without food or water. They were later released; Li is currently exploring possible legal avenues of redress for the abuse she and her fellow petitioner suffered. (CHRD)[xxvii]

Citizens’ Actions

Large Groups of Farmers Blockade Government Offices in Hubei

At 7:30 am on the morning of September 22, more than 100 farmers from Dongfang Village, Qianjiang City, Hubei Province gathered outside the entrance to the Qianjiang Municipal government offices. The farmers succeeded in blockading the building until they were dispersed by police around 11 am. The farmers were protesting the seizure of more than 2200 mu (an area equivalent to roughly 1/6 of an acre) of village land by government officials without proper compensation. A similar case occurred nearby a few days later, as more than 100 villagers from Qianjin Village, Chengnan District, Suizhou City, Hubei Province gathered outside the entrance to government offices in Suizhou City on September 24 to express similar grievances. (CHRD)[xxviii]

Petitioners Protest outside Supreme People’s Procuratorate

On the morning of September 17, more than 100 petitioners from Sanhe County, Hebei Province, protested outside of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in Beijing. The petitioners, who wore shirts displaying messages about local corruption, were protesting collusion between developers and local officials which resulted in the loss of their homes. According to reports, police on the scene monitored and recorded the protest but did not act to disperse the crowd. (CHRD)[xxix]

Relatives of Handicapped Children Protest in Beijing

In early September, a group of parents and family members of children left handicapped following vaccinations gathered in Beijing to protest and demand support and care for their children. While more than 300 people had originally planned to take part in the demonstrations, only around 30 were able to reach Beijing, while many of the others were prevented from traveling by local officials in their hometowns or warned against coming. The group gathered outside the Ministry of Health on September 7 and 9, and had plans for further protests. Two participants, Lin Xintao (李新涛) of Beijing and Zhu Bo (朱波) of Shandong, were detained by police; their current statuses are unknown. (CHRD)[xxx]

Law and Policy Watch

Ningxia Legislature Considers Law Regulating Court Settlements in Criminal Cases

On August 31, the Standing Committee of the Ningxia Hui Ethnic Minority Autonomous Region’s People’s Congress Met to Discuss the draft of the “Ningxia Regulations for Aid to Victims of Crime” ( 宁夏回族自治区刑事被害人救助条例[草案]). If this piece of legislation is approved, it would be the first set of provincial-level directed at providing compensation to victims of crime. This civil component of criminal cases is routinely neglected in contemporary court proceedings; by some estimates, fewer than 10% of victims are currently able to receive a settlement. (Xinhua)[xxxi]

Civil, Environmental Rigths to Receive Increased Legal Protection

On September 18, the head of the Policy and Regulations Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Yang Chaofei (杨朝飞), stated in the “2009 Environmental Protection Grassroots Forum” that the Chinese government was currently working on a draft of a “Rights Infringement Responsibility Law” (侵权责任法), one section of which would be devoted to the protection of environmental rights. According to Yang, the aim of the legislation is to strengthen the laws governing the environmental responsibility of local governments, and counter the “development-heavy, environmental protection-light” actions of some local officials. Other sections of the proposed law stipulate legal protections for medical patients and minors; it remains to be seen whether this law will extend to protect those whose basic rights, including the right to freedom of expression, assembly, and association, are routinely violated by the Chinese government. (Beijing News)[xxxii]

Henan Courts Experiment with Expanding Lawyers’ Rights to Collect Information for Cases

According to a September 19 Xinhua report, courts in Henan are experimenting with increasing the ability of lawyers to gather evidence on behalf of their clients. According to officials from the Henan Province Upper Court, lawyers will now have rights similar to those of court employees when requesting information on behalf of a client for a case. If this right is granted to lawyers, it would mark a significant step forward in their ability to defend clients. According to one lawyer contacted by CHRD, while the lawyer’s law currently provides for a lawyer to gather evidence to prepare an argument on behalf of his or her client, there is no firm guarantee of their ability to do so; individuals or the government actors are not bound by law to provide a lawyer with anything in response to their request. (Legal Daily)[xxxiii]

Editors: David Smalls and Lin Sang


[1] Individuals subjected to “soft detention” (软禁) are guarded by police stationed at their homes. Though individuals may be allowed to leave their homes during soft detention, they are closely followed and monitored by police or asked to travel in police vehicles, and often barred from meeting other “sensitive” individuals.


[i] “Chinese Government Tightens the Screws Ahead of National Day”, September 30, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class9/Class10/200910/20091001013312_17511.html

[ii] “Three Mongolian-Language Sites Blocked in Inner Mongolia (内蒙自治区三个蒙古语网站被强行关闭 )”, September 23, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090923134116_17415.html

[iii] “Rights Defense China Site Attacked (维权中国网近日频遭攻击陷于瘫痪)”, September 23, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090923134224_17416.html

[iv]“Investigative Period Once Again Extended for Liu Xiaobo Case (刘晓波案再次延长侦查期)”, September 24, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/lingbaxianzhang/200909/20090924112735_17428.html

[v] “Sentence Upheld for Wu Baoquan in Retrial of Web Posting Case (网帖诽谤案重审后网友吴保全仍获刑)”, September 17, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090917125838_17343.html

[vi] “Liaoning Human Rights Activist Sun Fuquan Sent to RTL (辽宁维权人士孙福全被劳教)”, September 13, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090913122310_17294.html

[vii] “Guo Yongfeng Disappears on Eve of Court Case Against Shenzhen PSB for Illegal Detention (控告深圳公安非法拘留的郭永丰在案子开庭前与外界失去联 系)”, September 21, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090921200917_17398.html

[viii]“Sichuan Activist Wang Chengming Administratively Detained (四川维权人士枉成明被行政拘留)”, September 8, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090908212110_17225.html

[ix] “Three Family Members Detained for Joining ‘Jieshi Baobao’ Meeting (参加结石宝宝聚会的三名家长被抓走)”, September 12, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090912131333_17276.html

[x] “Shanghai Petitioner Zhou Jinmei Held in ‘Black Jail’ (上海访民周金妹被关“黑监狱”)”, September 10, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090910105757_17249.html

[xi]“Bei’an, Heilongjiang Petitioner Prevented From Traveling to Beijing ( 黑龙江省北安访民欲进京被拦截)”, September 7, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090907231724_17211.html

[xii]“Heilongjiang Petitioner Kept Under Surveillance by Traffic Police (黑龙江访民被交警限制自由)”, September 13, 209, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090913185346_17298.html

[xiii] “Handicapped Wuhan Petitioner Kidnapped in Beijing (武汉孤残女访民在京再次遭绑架)”, September 21, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200909/20090921163607_17388.html

[xiv] “A Number of Zigong, Sichuan Petitioners Held in Beijing Black Jail (四川自贡多位访民在京被关黑监狱 )”, September 16, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200909/20090916113006_17332.html

[xv] “Wang Haizhen, Wife of Tainted Milk Powder Whistleblower, Put under Surveillance (毒奶粉举报者的妻子王海珍遭软禁)”, September 16, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090916000744_17328.html

[xvi] “Chongqing Police Threaten Hou Yuanquan With Beating for National Day Petitioning (重庆警方威胁候远全“国庆”上访将被打)”, September 26, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200909/20090926225004_17450.html

[xvii] “Petitioners Detained One Day for Attempting to Meet Central Government Working Group (访民欲找中央接访工作组而被扣押一天 )”, September 12, 2009 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090912002138_17275.html

[xviii] “Xiangxiang, Hunan Petitioner Guo Xianghong Detained in Mental Hospital for Four Years (湖南湘乡访民郭湘红被关精神病院四年)”, September 22, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/fmzj/200909/20090922213219_17411.html

[xix] “Veteran Chen Fengqiang Arrested for Petitioning in Beijing (复转军人陈风强在北京上访被正式逮捕 )”, September 25, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090925205008_17439.html

[xx] “Guangzhou Human Rights Lawyer Liu Shijun Faces Suspension of License as Punishment (广州维权律师刘士辉面临停止执业处罚 )”, September 8, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090908005306_17216.html

[xxi] “Yao Lifa Summoned for ‘Disrupting Work Unit Order’ (姚立法被以“扰乱单位秩序”为由传唤)”, September 11, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090911004221_17262.html

[xxii] “Guangdong Activist Zou Yijun Harassed at Beijing Apartment (广东维权人士邹宜均在北京住所受到骚扰)”, September 14, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090914222107_17312.html

[xxiii] Wife of Xie Changfa Threatened by Police (谢福林的妻子金焰女士遭警方威胁)”, September 15, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090915183813_17325.html

[xxiv] “Retired Shandong University Professor Sun Wenguang Threatened with ‘Stabbing’ (山东大学退休教授孙文广收到“放血”恐吓 )”, September 22, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090922194535_17408.html

[xxv] “Activist Zuo Xiaohuan Refused Entry to School in Attempt to Regain Job (维权人士左晓环欲重返教职不被允许进校门)”, September 8, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090908100329_17219.html and四川维权人士左晓环被国保带回三台 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090916000123_17327.html

[xxvi] “Fan Yanqiong’s Lawyer and Family Apply for Her Release on Bail for Medical Treatment, Get No Response (范燕琼代理律师与家属申请保外就医均无消息)”, September 21, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class18/yanxiaoling/200909/20090921164203_17392.html

[xxvii] “Henan Petitoners Illegally Detained, Mistreated (河南汝州访民非法拘押和虐待访民 )”, September 8, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090908001035_17214.html

[xxviii] “One Hundred QIanjiang Farmers Block Office Entrance (潜江百位农民堵死园林办大门)”, September 22, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class71/200909/20090922213437_17412.html and 湖北随州村民堵政府大门讨要土地补偿款 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/bzsf/200909/20090924160302_17429.html

[xxix] “Hebei Petitioners Protest outside Supreme People’s Procuratorate (河北三河访民在最高检察院门口举行示威 )”, September 19, 2009, https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090919122830_17368.html

[xxx] 疫苗案家长聚集北京抗议 https://www.nchrd.org/Article/Class53/200909/20090913133537_17296.html

[xxxi] “Ningxia Proposes First Provincial-Level Crime Victims’ Aid Standards (宁夏拟出台全国首部刑事被害人救助省级地方法规)”, September 7, 2009, http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2009-09/07/content_12009685.htm

[xxxii] “Citizens’ Environmental Rights to Be Protected by Law (公民环境权益将立法保护 )”, September 19, 2009, http://epaper.thebeijingnews.com/html/2009-09/19/content_7435.htm?div=-1

[xxxiii] “Henan Upper Court Pushes Forward Investigative System; Supports Strengthening of Lawyers’ Right to Collect Information (河南高院在全省推行调查令制度 支持律师强制性取证 )”, September 20, 2009, http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/0801/2009-09/20/content_1156523.htm

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